Nail fungus, commonly known as "gray nails", Chinese medicine called "goose claw wind", and now it is called nail fungal disease, which is caused by a large group of microorganisms called pathogenic fungi infection. Onychomycosis begins at the distal and lateral edges of the nail or at the nail folds, and is characterized by abnormal nail color and shape. It usually starts with 1-2 finger (toe) nails, and in severe cases, all finger (toe) nails can be affected. The affected nail plate loses its luster and becomes brittle and breaks off over time. The nail plate is grayish-white and loses its luster; the nail plate is thickened significantly and the surface is uneven. The texture is loose and crumbly, and keratin and debris are often deposited under the nail. Sometimes, the nail plate can be separated from the nail bed.

Symptoms

1. The most common causative agent of onychomycosis is Trichophyton rubrum.

Gray Nail 2. There are two types of onychomycosis. One manifests as white nails, often starting at the root of the nail, small white spots appear on the surface of the nail plate, gradually expanding, causing the nail plate to become soft and sunken.

3. The other type of damage begins with the free edge of the nail and the side wall, making the nail plate appear small depressions or transverse grooves, and gradually develops to the nail plate becomes brittle, fragile, thickened, and brown. The accumulation of debris under the nail is often easy to make the nail become empty, buckled and separated from the nail bed, the surface of the nail plate is uneven, rough and lusterless.

4. Nail fungal disease of the nail plate is often manifested as uneven, black, the nail plate is often mild atrophy, but not thickening, often accompanied by onychomycosis.

Types

1, proximal subnail gray nail: less common, most secondary to onychomycosis. First, the nail plate near the nail fissure (i.e., the proximal end of the nail plate) whitening, and then gradually expanding into gray nail spots, and ultimately the local nail plate is missing, expanding to the whole nail. This type is only caused by Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton roseum.

2, the distal end of the subnail type gray nail: the first manifestation of the distal end of the nail (side edge) deck surface appears irregular small pieces of white spots, and then turned into a lusterless gray spots, and gradually become yellowish brown until black. Soon the nail plate degenerates, and the nail bed is thickened by the accumulation of keratin debris under the nail. Finally, the nail plate becomes atrophic and occasionally hemorrhagic. This type is often caused by red, plaster-like or flocculent epidermolysis bullosa.

3, white superficial gray nail: common in the toenails. Manifestation for the surface of the deck with white spots or white 1 mm diameter size of the patch, the sick nail is brittle and scrape off. This type is only caused by plaster-like trichophyton or mold-like bacteria, Fusarium and Aspergillus.

4, the whole nail dystrophy type gray nail: this is not rare, often for the above types of the final development of the results. The performance of the whole nail loss of luster, deterioration, thickening or fragmentation, shedding, leaving an abnormal thickening of the nail bed.

5, chronic cutaneous mucous membrane candida nail type (or true candida onychomycosis) gray nail: manifestation of the whole nail degeneration, puffy, brittle, warty surface, uneven.

6, chronic onychomycosis type gray nail: manifested as lateral nail fold and proximal nail fold, epidermal sheath deterioration or brown. The most important feature is the presence of inguinitis, periungual fold swelling without subnail hyperkeratosis, there may be a small amount of exudate but never pus. This type is also mostly caused by Candida.

7, fungal nail gray nail: manifestation of foot odor thick (commonly known as "athlete's foot") toe trench rot, water rash.

Pathology

1) environmental factors: high temperature, high humidity is an important condition of ringworm. Therefore, ringworm disease in summer and rainy season is more and heavier than in winter and dry season. Some drought-resistant and cold-resistant ringworm gray nail fungus, in the cold, dry season as usual disease, which is common in the north of China. The patient's work and living environment should not be ignored. Well-ventilated places are less morbid than closed, stuffy and wet places. The morbidity rate is higher in crowded places and lower in opposite places. It can be seen that occupation and work type have great influence on the incidence of ringworm. In the high temperature, high humidity workshop, especially must wear heavy work clothes to produce and ventilation and poor environment prone to ringworm disease, if no bathing equipment or fail to bathe in time, the incidence rate of ringworm disease will be significantly increased.

2) personal factors: men and women of all ages can get ringworm. Generally speaking, young and strong men and women are more likely to suffer; love of sports and good activities are also prone to suffer. Ringworm is not hereditary, and it is unclear whether there is any family susceptibility. Personal hygiene practices are directly related to ringworm. People who change clothes and bathe regularly are less likely to develop ringworm; people who wash in public **** bathrooms and swim in swimming pools with poor sanitary conditions are prone to contracting ringworm. People who keep pets such as cats and dogs are susceptible to ringworm infection from their pets. People who sweat a lot are prone to ringworm. Certain chronic diseases such as malnutrition, hyperthyroidism, and diabetes mellitus have a high prevalence of ringworm, and the symptoms are on the heavier side. Some serious diseases, such as AIDS, advanced cancer patients, not only the incidence of fungal ringworm disease is high, but also ringworm disease is widely distributed, the performance is peculiar, very stubborn and difficult to cure. Heredity may be another factor in the persistence of fungal ringworm disease. Recently, a chronic dermatophytosis syndrome, caused by Trichophyton rubrum, was reported abroad. The patient suffers from tinea cruris, tinea pedis, tinea cruris, tinea versicolor and tinea follicularis at the same time. The course of the disease is long, stubborn and difficult to cure. It is investigated to be associated with autosomal dominant inheritance. When the underwear is too thick and too tight, it is easy to induce tinea cruris and tinea buttocks. Often sit on the toilet than those who do not sit prone to ringworm of the buttocks. People who do not shower in time after swimming are prone to ringworm and lichen planus (sweat spot). In addition, bathing too often, like scratching people are also more prone to ringworm, this is because too much bathing, damage to the epidermal protective layer; often scratching not only cause scratches, but also easy to bring fungal dander implanted in the affected area or spread to other places.

After taking certain drugs such as anticancer drugs and glucocorticoid hormone drugs for a long time, the chances of getting ringworm may increase, and the original ringworm will expand and aggravate, which is related to the skin's immune function is reduced.

Clinical diagnosis

Experimental examination

Scraping the broken nail and subnail debris, microscopically visible fungal hyphae. Fungal culture was positive.

Differential diagnosis

Nail changes caused by psoriasis, eczema, lichen planus, as well as nail dystrophy in the form of thick nails.

Self-diagnosis

1, turbidity

After the fungus invades the nail plate or nail bed, due to the rapid reproduction of a large number of mycelium and spores, it makes a large amount of keratin on the nail bed, viewed by the naked eye, the nail plate becomes turbid, opaque, so the nail fungal disease is commonly known as gray fingernails (toenails).

2, thickening

After the fungus invades the nail plate or nail bed, the keratin in the nail plate is highly proliferated by the action of the fungus, and the accumulation of keratin makes the nail plate thicken. The thickening of the nail plate also deepens the degree of turbidity of the nail bed, generally it can be thicker than the normal nail plate out more than 1 to 3 times.

3, surface unevenness

Because the nail plate or the nail plate under the accumulation of keratin, and at the same time the nail plate is destroyed, so that the surface of the nail plate is rough, uneven, loss of luster. This unevenness can be both longitudinal and transverse. It can also be understood that the main lesion of the diseased nail is under the nail plate.

4, the nail plate becomes brittle and fragile

Because the fungus invades the nail plate and nail bed, under the action of keratolytic enzyme, keratin is dissolved, the formation of keratin fine particles, the damaged nail plate lack of elasticity and toughness and become brittle, keratin particles are powder-like easy to fall off, loose and become fragmented.

5, nail stratification

The thickened keratin becomes dry, crumbly, brittle, it is easy to fall off from the nail plate and the nail bed, so that the original nail surface layer bonded to the finger flesh, there is a phenomenon of hollow, that is, the nail is divided into two layers, the surface layer and the finger flesh is separated from the other separated from a thin layer of nail paste in the finger flesh.

6, discoloration

deck or under the deck of the fungal accumulation, different fungal mycelium or spores itself can have color. The diseased, thickened nail plate can also take on color. Shedding of keratin at the diseased nail under the nail plate can get into the dirt, and the dirt takes on a color. Destruction of the nail plate and shedding of debris also gives the nail plate its color. It can be dirty gray, brown, white, yellow, black and so on.

7, nail plate warping

Fungi and hyperplasia of keratin under the deck a large number of accumulations, so that the distal end of the deck is obviously higher than the shape of warping, this time the sick nails become hypertrophic, more turbid, discoloration is also more obvious. Toenail nail plate warping affects the wearing of shoes, seriously affecting the quality of life.

8, nail plate atrophy

Deck is destroyed by the mycelium and spores of the fungus, the proliferation of keratinous special crumbly off from the surface layer, and finally completely stripped off, leaving only a little nail plate stubs.

9, the deck off

Deck by the fungal mycelium and spore damage, brittle, crumbly, hyperplasia, the accumulation of keratin special from the surface of the deck off, and finally the deck is completely off, only the stumps. At this time the deck function is lost.

10, hook nail

Elderly people suffering from toenail fungal disease, because of paralysis bedridden, or because of neurological diseases and hands and feet shaking and other reasons can not take care of themselves, can not trim the sick nail, can only let nature take its course. The sick nail grows wildly, and as a result, the sick nail is enlarged, thickened, long and high, and the tip is hooked.

11, inguinitis

Nail root or nail contour of the skin and soft tissues by fungal attack (which is more common with Candida) so that the skin and soft tissues around the nail chronic inflammation, presenting a reddish tinge.

Treatment of gray nails

A topical topical antifungal medication for gray nails

(1) Indications for topical topical treatment of gray nails:

(1) Gray nails that don't invade the lateral edge of the nail and the nail mother

(2) Superficial nails, early and mild (such as 1-2 nails)

(3) Oral medication is contraindicated or the patient should not take oral medication. Contraindication or the patient should not take oral medication (such as the patient suffers from liver, kidney and other diseases)

(2 ) Commonly used topical topical treatment of gray nails with antifungal drugs

1 10% iodine or 10% or 30% glacial acetic acid solution

Immerse the diseased nail in warm water for 5 minutes, soak the nail to soften it, use scissors to cut or scrape off the diseased nails that can be removed, and insert the diseased nails into the 10% Glacial acetic acid immersion solution for 15 minutes. 3 times a day, a week can be effective. If not cured, can be treated according to the above method for another course of treatment. In order to save time, you can also use 10% iodine or 30% glacial acetic acid solution to spot-coat the nail. Immersed in 10% glacial acetic acid solution, or 10% iodine or 30% glacial acetic acid solution dabbing sick nails feel a little pain, should stick to it. If the toenail suffers from gray toenails, with this method is equally effective.

2 Envelope therapy for gray nails:

(1) Advantages of encapsulation therapy

Encapsulation therapy for gray nails can increase the water content of gray nails and the tissues around the gray nails, make the local temperature of the nails rise, blood vessels dilate, and increase the penetration of the medicines to treat the gray nails by 3-5 times, and the earliest encapsulation of the nails can be used to remove the roots of the gray nails in 2-5 hours. The treatment of gray nail has the advantages of short course of treatment, high cure rate, thorough treatment and not easy to recur

(2) Packing medicine and the method of using:

Use 40% of urea ointment. The formula of urea ointment is: 40 grams of urea, 20 grams of lanolin, 5 grams of white wax, and petroleum jelly added to 100 grams. This urea preparation is a strong keratolytic agent, when applied, the skin around the diseased nail should be protected with gauze and fixed with adhesive tape, and then wrapped with gauze. Change the medicine 1 time a day, each time to use a knife to separate the nail plate, prompting the nail plate and nail bed separation. Generally 5~7 times of drug change nail plate can be softened and separated from the nail bed. Separation, with small scissors will be reduced to two halves of the deck, local iodine disinfection, a few drops of 1% ~ 2% procaine solution, a few minutes later, will be the sick nail toggle, and scrape the nail bed uneven keratinized material, and then urea ointment and compound benzoic acid ointment and other parts of the mixture of ointment dressing package, 1 time per day, until the new nail completely grows out. Benzoic acid 10 grams; salicylic acid 8 grams; iodine 0.6 grams, propolis added to 100 grams. Paste on the cloth, cut into the size of the nail, paste, 3 days to change once, until the new nail completely grow out.

Two Oral antifungal medicines for gray nails

1 Advantages of oral medicines for gray nails

(1) It can treat patients with severe gray nails

(2) High rate of cure

(3) The treatment is simple, as long as the medicines are taken orally

2 Disadvantages of oral medicines for gray nails:

(1) Oral drugs have certain toxic side effects, especially on the liver and kidneys

(2) adverse reactions to the endocrine, such as women's menstrual disorders, dermatitis, etc.

3 Oral drug antifungal drugs are suitable for:

(1) Severe patients with gray nails: patients with a long course of disease, severe condition, invasion of the nail mother or the lateral edges of the nail

4 Oral treatment of gray nails with antifungal Drugs

(1) gray flavomycin

Marketed for clinical use in 1958, mainly for tinea capitis. It is also the first antifungal drug used for oral treatment of gray nails, but due to low efficacy, high toxicity, high recurrence rate, long time to take the drug, basically has been stopped for oral treatment of gray nails

(2) Ketoconazole

Ketoconazole 1978 Belgian pharmacologists research and development, entered the Chinese market in 1989, the trade name of Risulau. Risulau instructions in the applicable conditions, gray nails, so in the 1990s and the beginning of this century is widely used in oral treatment of gray nails, but then the world, including China, found that many oral ketoconazole treatment of gray nails in the patients led to toxic hepatitis and death cases. Thus, the use of oral ketoconazole in the treatment of gray nails was banned, but in some hospitals in secondary cities ketoconazole is still used for oral treatment of gray nails.

(3) Fluconazole

Fluconazole for the United States Pfizer developed,

1. Pharmacology

This product belongs to imidazole antifungal drugs. It has a wide antifungal spectrum. Oral or static injection of this product on human and various animal fungal infections, such as Candida infections (including immunity normal or immune-impaired human and animal systemic candidiasis), new cryptococcal infections (including intracranial infections), Malassezia furfur, Microsporum spp., Trichophyton rubrum, S. epidermidis, dermatophytes, coccidioides (including intracranial infections), and Podococcus histolyticus, Fibrotica coloring bacteria, Cacao branch It is effective in the treatment of S. dermatitidis and S. cerevisiae. This product in vitro antibacterial activity is significantly lower than ketoconazole, but in vivo activity is significantly higher than the in vitro effect.

The mechanism of action of this product is to selectively interfere with the activity of cytochrome P-450 of fungi, thus inhibiting the biosynthesis of ergosterol on the cell membrane of fungi.

Orally for the treatment of gray nails Usage:

Once a week, a 150mg can usually be cured after four months left.

Adverse reactions

(1) Common gastrointestinal reactions, manifested as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain or diarrhea.

(2) Allergic reactions may be manifested as rash, occasionally severe exfoliative dermatitis (often accompanied by hepatic impairment), exudative erythema multiforme.

(3) Hepatotoxicity Mild transient elevation of serum aminotransferase may occur during treatment, and occasional symptoms of hepatotoxicity may occur, especially in patients with serious underlying diseases (e.g., AIDS and cancer).

(4) Dizziness and headache may be seen.

(5) Abnormal renal function may be seen in some patients, especially those with severe underlying disease (e.g., AIDS and cancer).

(6) Occasionally, hematologic changes such as transient neutropenia and thrombocytopenia in the peripheral blood may occur, especially in patients with severe underlying diseases (e.g., AIDS and cancer).

(4) Itraconazole

Itraconazole is a broad-spectrum antifungal drug developed by a Belgian pharmaceutical company in 1980 under the trade name of Spironol.

Pharmacology and toxicology Pharmacokinetics

The highest bioavailability of this product is seen when it is taken immediately after a meal. The peak blood concentration was reached 4.6±1.3 hours after oral administration of 200 mg of the drug, and its blood concentration was 0.32±0.16 μg/ml.The plasma protein binding rate of the drug was 99.8%, and the whole-blood concentration was 60% of the plasma concentration.The concentration of the drug in the lungs, kidneys, liver, bones, stomach, spleen, and muscles was 2-3 times higher than the corresponding plasma concentration. Concentrations in keratin-rich tissues, especially in the skin, were 4 times higher than plasma concentrations, and drug clearance was associated with the process of epidermal regeneration. When the drug is discontinued after 4 weeks of continuous use, the blood concentration of the drug is no longer measurable after 7 days, but the drug remains at therapeutic concentrations in the skin for 2 to 4 weeks. Itraconazole can be measured in nail keratin one week after the start of treatment, and at the end of a 3-month course of treatment, the drug concentration is still present for at least 6 months. It is present in sebum and, to a lesser extent, in sweat. Itraconazole is also concentrated in areas susceptible to fungal infections. Therapeutic concentrations in vaginal tissue persist for 2 days with 200 mg once a day for 3 days and for 3 days with 200 mg twice a day for 1 day. The product is metabolized primarily in the liver, producing a large number of metabolites. One of these is hydroxylated itraconazole, which was found to have antifungal activity similar to that of this product in in vitro studies, and the level of antifungal drug measured by bioassay was approximately three times the level of this product analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Clearance in plasma was biphasic, with a terminal half-life of 23.8 ± 4.7 hours. Excretion of the prototype via the feces is approximately 3 to 18% of the dose used, and via the kidneys is less than 0.03% of the dose of the drug used, with approximately 35% excreted as metabolites in the urine within one week.

Itraconazole shock therapy is indicated for the treatment of gray nails.

Shock therapy consists of two capsules (2OOmg bid) twice daily for one week, taken with meals. Two shock courses were required for fingernail infections and three for toenail infections. Each course was separated by three weeks of no medication, and when all the courses were completed, the effect was evident in the new growth of the nail. Week 1, first shock course. Week 2, discontinuation of itraconazole. Week 3, discontinuation of itraconazole. Week 4, discontinue itraconazole. Week 5, second shock course. Week 6, discontinuation of itraconazole. Week 7, discontinuation of itraconazole. Week 8, discontinuation of itraconazole. Week 9, third shock course. Or itraconazole continuous treatment of two capsules (200 mg o.d.) daily for three months***.

The drug has some damage to liver function, it is best to check liver function before taking the drug treatment, more than one month of taking the drug need to review liver function, once found abnormal liver function, stop the drug immediately.

[edit]Harm

1. Fungi can produce about 150 different toxins, a number of toxins can be carcinogenic and extremely toxic, such as mold aflatoxin B1 toxicity than the giant drug potassium cyanide is also dozens of times more toxic, gray nail is a strong carcinogen.

2. Gray nails affect the overall appearance of people, endangering health, damage to their own image.

3. Gray nails bring inconvenience to the work life, such as shaking hands, serving tea, passing objects, visiting friends and relatives, etc., he (she) people are reluctant to contact.

4. Gray nails lead to deformities of the fingers (toes) of the hands and feet are more common, leading to amputation has also been reported.

5. Gray nails easily infected family and friends, family and friends often due to change shoes, hands and feet contact and *** with household goods.

6. Gray nails easily lead to a variety of fungal infections, the formation of ringworm, tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea versicolor and other serious skin diseases.

7. Gray nails are the cause of some malignant tumors. Medical scientists from the tinea pedis put forward a kind of carcinogenic effect of "yellow tinea pedis", with small sporangiophage strains of extracts injected into the mice after the occurrence of malignant sarcoma, mammary tumors, leukemia or lung tumors, and its total incidence rate is as high as 52.8%; Trichophyton rubrum strains of extracts can also cause the occurrence of the above four kinds of malignant tumors in the mouse, the total incidence rate is as high as 52.8%. The total incidence of the above four malignant tumors was 36.6%; the sum of the incidence of the four malignant tumors in mice injected with extracts of Sclerotium floccosum was 22.6%. Trichophyton spp, Microsporum spp and S. floccosum are the most common causative organisms causing various ringworm diseases in our country...These findings prompt us to pay attention to the serious hazards brought by various fungi to people.

8. 95% of lesbians suffering from gray nails can be infected with serious gynecological diseases such as mycobacteria and candida.

9. Nail fungus (gray nail) not only infects and harms the skin tissue, but also invades the internal organs of the human body, and even leads to death.

[edit]Under what circumstances are gray nails most likely to recur?

Generally the factors that prompt re-infection are roughly the following: (1) Infection: gray nail cure, but not at the same time cure tinea pedis, resulting in fingers (toes) to be infected again, is an important factor in the recurrence of onychomycosis. (2) consolidation: some patients, in the finger (toe) nail fast completely restore the normal form, that is thought to be completely cured, will stop using the medicine, no consolidation of medicine for a period of time, will also produce recurrence. (3) Nail dystrophy: due to other diseases and other reasons, causing nail dystrophy, so that the deck's ability to defend itself against disease-causing fungi decreases, and the gray finger (toe) nail recurrence. (4) Trauma: trauma caused by disease-causing fungi invade the nail plate and cause recurrence, this situation is generally less. (5) chemical stimulation: long-term contact with gasoline, paint, detergents and strong alkaline soap and other substances, changing the normal skin surface of the nail plate pH and defenses, and lead to recurrence.

[edit]Who is susceptible to gray nail infection

1, do not pay attention to personal hygiene;

2, long-term direct contact with water or chemicals;

3, malnourished people;

4, nails traumatic injury or impact, which may lead to fungal invasion of the notch;

5, often in contact with patients with gray nails;

6, tinea pedis, tinea cruris, eczema, lichen planus, psoriasis and other skin diseases may be accompanied by gray nails

Added: foot nails long-term extrusion by external forces lead to gray nails

Many female friends due to the needs of the work or the image, there are wearing high-heeled shoes habit, cut do not know, long-term wear high-heeled shoes or small-size (more crowded) shoes, will increase the chances of infection of gray nails.

Because of the high heels or small size (more crowded) shoes construction problems, after wearing, will make the foot forefoot force increase, 5 fingers squeeze each other, easy to cause nail deformation or nail bed and finger flesh peeling phenomenon, when the health of the nails are affected, indirectly, the infection of gray nails will greatly increase the chances of infection.

It is recommended that the majority of friends, if there is no special need in work or life, please relax your feet at the right time to reduce the chances of disease.

[Edit]Five major misconceptions

"Gray nails just look bad? It's okay if you don't treat it?" , "Will taking oral antimicrobials hurt?" "Can gray nails be treated by pulling out the bad finger?"

These questions are often confusing to gray nail patients.

According to the survey, most of the people for gray nails this common disease knowledge there are all kinds of misunderstandings, in order to guide the patients to correctly understand gray nails, gray nails to lift the trouble, the authoritative experts of the fungus summed up the patient's five misunderstandings and clear answers:

Patient misunderstanding, gray nails are just appearance is not good-looking, do not treat the matter.

Gray nails are a contagious disease that not only infects family and friends, but also causes foot odor. In addition, gray nails will also give people an unhygienic feeling, resulting in social embarrassment, such as hands with gray nails and dare not shake hands with others, or unable to engage in certain jobs that will expose their hands, especially like the receptionist, waiter ...... and so on.

The second myth is that oral antibacterial drugs are effective but harmful, and topical drugs are not harmful but ineffective.

In fact, the effect of oral antibacterial drugs for the treatment of gray nails is not 100 percent, according to clinical research found that its cure rate from 40 to 70% have, and the long service time, the liver and kidneys of the toxic side effects are very large, should not be taken for a long time. The general topical drugs as long as you can penetrate the dense cuticle of the nails, the effect of the drug can act on the nail bed, can be effective in the treatment of gray nails.

Patient misunderstanding three, nail art and gray nails have nothing to do.

Nail art may cause gray nails. Excessive chemicals can cause the nail tissue to be constantly eroded by foreign substances, causing the nails to become more and more fragile, at which time mold will wait for the opportunity to move, causing gray nails. In addition, frequent painting and polish removers can cause nails to deteriorate and the nail bed to become inflamed, eventually turning into gray nails.

Patient misunderstanding four, foot fungus will be contagious, gray nails will not be contagious.

The strain of fungus that causes gray nails and foot fungus is the same. Usually the family **** with the goods, if the whole family together, may be gray nail fungi infected to the family, resulting in foot or gray nail. In addition, if the whole family's socks are mixed together to wash, or wear slippers used by ***, bath towels used by ***, etc., they are all contagious to each other.

Patient Myth 5, pull out the bad nails, can cure gray nails.

Gray nails are mostly caused by fungal infections, pulling out nails can only remove the fungus above the nails, the fungus on the nail bed is not killed, and many fungal spores in the dormant period, it is easy to wake up, and grow out of the still gray nails.

[Edit Paragraph]Prevention

The ringworm of the nail is spread directly from the hand and foot ringworm, the prevention of ringworm of the nail first to cure the hand and foot ringworm.

Actively treating tinea cruris, tinea corporis and tinea cruris is the best measure to prevent tinea cruris. On the basis of receiving regular treatment, maintaining good personal hygiene habits in daily life, towels, slippers, washbasin, etc., special person special, regular disinfection, to avoid cross use, try to avoid going to the public **** bath, swimming pool, etc., poor hygiene conditions, timely cutting and removing the sick nail tissues, to keep the feet dry, change shoes and socks diligently, replace the loose, soft, flat-heeled shoes, etc., can help to increase the rate of cure of onychomycosis, reduce the recurrence of onychomycosis. The first step is to make sure that you have a good understanding of the disease and how it can be cured.

[Edit Paragraph]Health care

Gray nails are more difficult to treat stubborn chronic infectious diseases, so the treatment of gray nails to start from the day-to-day, the following is a few points of food treatment of gray nails:

High-protein diet: a high-protein diet is necessary to maintain healthy nails, the yolk of the egg is a good source of protein. Oatmeal, drupes, seeds, grains, and soy products are all rich in plant protein.

Eat more fruits and vegetables: Fruits and vegetables should make up 50 percent of your daily diet.

Supplementary nutrients: ① protein (containing a variety of single base acid) amount according to the product labeling, amino acids are the components of the nails, the use of amino acids faster absorbed and utilized. ② Vitamin A or vitamin A emulsion: dosage per day were 15,000 IU or 25,000 IU per day. the body if there is no vitamin A, can not be utilized protein, emulsion is faster to be absorbed and utilized. Brewer's yeast: dosage according to product labeling. Contains a variety of essential nutrients and is rich in protein. Calcium, Magnesium and Vitamin D; dosage according to product labeling. They are essential nutrients for nail growth. ⑤ Gelatin; dosage according to the product label. It is a basic component of nails. (6) Iron; dosage according to the product label. Iron deficiency can cause spoon-nails and longitudinal ridges. (vii) L-cysteine and L-methylthiamine; dosage according to product instructions. Sulfur-containing amino acids are essential for skin and nail growth. (8) Silica (Oat Stalk Tea and Mullein); dosage according to product instructions. It is necessary for hair, bones and nails. ⑨ Vitamin B add riboflavin (B2), Bl2, folic acid lack of vitamin B, easy to make nails fragile. ⑩ Vitamin C; dosage 300 mg per day. Inflammation of barbs and tissues near the nails is associated with vitamin C deficiency.

Hopefully adopted.