Source This product is the dried roots and rhizomes of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. of Labiatae.
Sexual taste is bitter and slightly cold. Heart tropism and liver meridian.
Functional indication
Removing blood stasis and relieving pain, promoting blood circulation and dredging menstruation, and clearing heart fire and removing annoyance. Used for irregular menstruation, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, abdominal pain, pain due to heat, sore, vexation and insomnia; Hepatosplenomegaly, angina pectoris.
app; application
It can be used for chest pain, hypochondriac pain, rheumatic arthralgia, lump in abdominal mass, sore and sore, traumatic stress, irregular menstruation, amenorrhea dysmenorrhea, postpartum stasis pain, etc. It has a good effect on chest and rib pain, lump in abdominal mass, irregular menstruation and amenorrhea pain, and is often used in combination with Chuanxiong. In the treatment of chest and abdomen pain, which belongs to qi stagnation and blood stasis, it is often combined with Amomum villosum and Sandalwood.
It can be used for treating epidemic febrile diseases with heat entering the blood, rash on the body, dizziness and restlessness. It is often used with fresh rehmannia root, buffalo horn and Scrophularia root.
Used for palpitation and insomnia. It is often combined with Ziziphus jujuba seed and Semen Platycladi.
Usage and dosage: decocted, 9 ~15g.
Precautions against veratrum nigrum.
Variety textual research
Salvia miltiorrhiza was first published in Shennong Herbal Classic, which was listed as the top grade. Later generations of materia medica were collected, and "Wupu Materia Medica" contained: "The stems are small, square and stubble (that is, white Su), hairy, with red roots, purple flowers in April, roots in March and May, and dry in the shade." "Materia Medica" said: "The seedlings were born in February, one foot high, and the stems were square and blue. The leaves are relatively hairy, like mint, and bloom in March, red and purple, like Su Hua. The root is red, as big as a finger, and it is more than a foot long. There are several roots in one seedling. " "Compendium of Materia Medica" says: "It is found everywhere in the mountains, with five leaves, sharp as wild Su, blue and wrinkled skin. Small flowers are like moths, with fine seeds in the middle, and their roots are purple. " According to various herbal medicines, the main morphological characteristics are completely the same as those of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. of Labiatae.
Plant morphology
Perennial herb with thick roots and red outside. The stem is 40-80 cm high and villous. Leaves are often odd pinnate compound leaves; Leaflets1-3 pairs, ovoid or elliptic-ovoid, hairy on both sides. The cymes are 6-flowered, forming terminal or axillary pseudoracemes, densely glandular hairy or villous; Bracts are lanceolate, calyx is purple, with 1 1 veins, about 1 1 mm long, with glandular hairs outside, 2-lipped, broad triangular upper lip, and at the top. 3 small polymeric cusps with 2 teeth on the lower lip, triangular or nearly semicircular; Corolla blue-purple, 2-2.7 cm long, hairy ring in tube, sickle-shaped upper lip, shorter lower lip than upper lip, 3-lobed, with the largest middle lobe; Stamens inserted at the base of lower lip. Nutlets are black and oval. Flowering from April to June; The fruiting period is July-August.
Chemical Research
The roots mainly contain diterpenoid quinone pigments, tanshinone)Ⅰ, ⅡA, ⅡB, cryptotanshinone, isotanshinones)Ⅰ, Ⅱ, isocryptotanshinone (1socryptotanshinone) and miltirone. Methyl tanshinonate, hydroxytanshinone ⅡA(hydroxytanshinone), dihydrotanshinone Ⅰ(dihydrotanshinone I), salvianols A, B, C, methylenetanshinquinone and salviol. In addition, ferruginol, δ L-dehydromiltirone, δ L-tanshinone IIA, danshenxinkun D, 1, 1-dihydrodanshinone were reported.
In addition to diterpenoid quinones, there are protocatechuic aldehyde, β-sitosterol and D (+) β-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) lactic acid (i.e., danshensu, salvianolic acids)A), and carboxylic acids A, E, etc.
Pharmacological research
The role of cardiovascular system ① strengthens cardiac contractility, improves cardiac function, and does not increase myocardial oxygen consumption ② dilates coronary arteries and increases myocardial blood flow; Dilating peripheral blood vessels and increasing blood flow; Decreased cerebral blood flow ③ Anti-thrombosis increased fibrinolytic enzyme activity; Prolonging bleeding and coagulation time; Inhibit platelet aggregation (increase the level of cAMP in platelets and inhibit TXA2 synthesis); Improve hemorheological characteristics (lower blood viscosity, shorter erythrocyte electrophoresis time) ④ Improve microcirculation.
Promoting tissue repair and regeneration ① Promoting tissue repair and regeneration Salvia Miltiorrhiza preparation treatment: necrotic myocardium is cleared quickly; Fibroblast differentiation and collagen fiber formation are obvious; Granulation is mature. Local congestion is alleviated, blood circulation is improved and healing time is shortened. ② Inhibition of hyperproliferation has an inhibitory effect on hyperproliferative fibroblasts.
Protecting liver and improving hepatic microcirculation.
The antibacterial Danshen preparation contains cryptotanshinone and dihydrotanshinone, which have inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli and Proteus in vitro.
root of red-rooted salvia
(1) Overview
Alias Salvia Miltiorrhiza, Ginseng, Dahongpao, Red Root, etc.
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge．. of Labiatae, taking root as medicine. It has a wide range of uses, mainly used for removing blood stasis and relieving pain, promoting blood circulation and regulating menstruation, nourishing the heart and removing annoyance, etc., and has a good effect on coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease. Has good effect on chronic hepatitis, early cirrhosis and other diseases. Mainly produced in Sichuan, Shandong, Zhejiang and other provinces, and now distributed in most parts of the country.
(2) Plant characteristics
Perennial herbs, 30-80 cm tall. The root is slender, cylindrical and the skin is vermilion. The stem is quadrangular and branched at the upper part. Leaves opposite; Singular pinnate compound leaves with 3 ~ 5 leaflets. The apical lobule is larger than the lateral lobule, and the lobule is oval. The cymes are axillary, with lip-shaped, blue-purple, upright upper lip and shorter lower lip. Nutlets are oblong and dark brown or black when ripe. The flowering period is May ~1October, and the fruiting period is June ~11month.
(3) Growth characteristics
Salvia miltiorrhiza likes an environment with warm and humid climate and abundant sunshine. It is cold-resistant, afraid of drought and water accumulation, and the soil requirements are not strict. Neutral soil, slightly alkaline soil and slightly acidic soil can be cultivated.
(4) Cultivation techniques
1.The sloping land with sunny terrain should be selected for land selection and soil preparation, and the medium plot with deep and loose soil, fertile soil and good drainage should be planted. If leguminous plants are too fertile, it is most suitable for planting in orchard space, otherwise there will be many pests and diseases or the branches and leaves will grow wildly, which will affect the yield of roots.
2. Propagation method Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge uses seeds, cuttage, root splitting propagation and reed head propagation. (1) Seed propagation In March, the seeds should be furrowed with row spacing of 30-40 cm to raise seedlings. The seeds should be small and covered with shallow soil, so that the seeds should not be seen. After sowing, water should be covered with plastic film to keep warm. After half a month, the seedlings can be planted in the field by punching holes in the plastic film. The seed sowing growth period is 16 months. Direct seeding: Sowing in March, with row spacing of 30 ~ 45cm and plant spacing of 25 ~ 30cm, digging holes, sowing amount in holes is 5 ~10 seeds, and covering soil is 2 ~ 3cm. The drill furrow is 3 ~ 4 cm deep and covered with soil 2 ~ 3 cm (7.5 kg/ha). In case of drought, water before sowing and then sow, and the seedlings will emerge in half a month, and the seedlings will be 2 cm high. (2) The planting time of root-splitting propagation is usually from February to March of that year, or it can be planted before beginning of winter in the first ten days of the previous year 1 1 month. The yield of winter planting is higher than that of spring planting, so dig with planting. Seed selection: We should choose the annual robust fresh roots without diseases and pests as seeds, the lateral roots are better, the root diameter is1.5 cm, and the old roots and fine roots cannot be used as seeds. Those who plant fine seeds save seeds, but the yield is low. The coarse yield is high. When planting, the nodes are 5 cm long, and each node has 2 buds. It should be planted upright to prevent backward planting and affect the emergence of seedlings. Strong bright red branches are hung and divided into roots, holes are opened on the prepared planting ground according to the row spacing of 30-40 cm, the plant spacing of 25-30 cm and the depth of 3-5 cm, and fertilization is carried out in the holes. The selected root strips are cut into root segments with a length of 5-6 cm, and planted urgently, with the big head facing upwards, in an upright hole, and cannot be planted upside down, and each hole is planted in1-2 segments. Emerge 60 days after planting. In order to make Salvia miltiorrhiza sprout in advance and increase the growth period of Salvia miltiorrhiza, the root segment germination method can be used. In early February, a trench with a depth of 27 cm is dug, and the cut roots are laid in the trench with a thickness of about 6 cm, covered with 6 cm of soil, and then covered with soil with a thickness of 12 cm, slightly higher than the ground, so as to avoid water accumulation, and watered in drought. It just came out in March ~ April of the following year, and white buds grew on the upper part of the root section and planted in the field. This method has the advantages of quick and uniform seedling emergence, no bolting, no flowering, hypertrophy of leaves, full growth of roots and high yield. 3. Prepare the border in the month, the width of the border is150 ~ 200 cm, and the length depends on the seedlings. Then, plant the root segments densely according to the row spacing of 3 cm *7 cm, cover with plastic shed, and sprout and transplant. (3) Cutting propagation: spring planting1~ April, autumn planting 7 ~11month, watering thoroughly in the whole border, cutting strong stems and branches into cuttings of17 ~ 20cm, with row spacing of 20cm and plant spacing/kloc. (4) Breeding of reed heads In March, select healthy plants without plant diseases and insect pests, cut off the stems and leaves above the ground, leave reed heads with a length of 2-2.5 cm for seed planting, dig holes with a depth of 3 cm according to the row-plant spacing of 30 cm *3 cm, plant1~ 2 plants in each hole, cover the reed heads with soil, water them, and the seedlings will come out in the middle and late April.
3. Field management
(1) intertillage weeding inspection and root-splitting propagation method If the rice is too thick, the hole soil should be dug to facilitate seedling emergence. Weed for 3 times, and in May, June and August, pull out weeds in the nursery. (2) The first application of fertilizer, weeding combined with topdressing, will be carried out after the rain, and 75 ~150kg of urea will be applied per hectare.
(3) Drainage water should be watered in time in case of drought, and drainage should be paid attention to in rainy season.
(4) All flower buds are knocked out except for seed picking, otherwise the yield and quality of roots will be affected.
4. Pest control
(1) Root rot mostly occurs in high temperature and rainy season, with black roots and overground parts withered.
Prevention and control methods: choose high and dry terrain, no water accumulation, and rotate crops. Irrigation with 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution at the initial stage of onset.
(2) Leaf spot mainly harms leaves.
Control method: spray the leaves with 1:1:150 times of bordeaux solution for 7 days1time, and spray for 2 ~ 3 times continuously.
(3) Aphids harm leaves and buds.
Control method: spray with 50% fenitrothion 1 000 ~ 2000 times or 40% dimethoate1500 ~ 2000 times, 7 days/kloc-0 times, repeatedly.
(4) Root-knot nematodiasis forms many tumors on the roots, resulting in root deformity.
Control method: rotate with Gramineae, and irrigate each hectare with 30 ~ 37.5 kg of 80% dichloropropane 100 kg half a month before sowing.
(5) Spodoptera argentea bites leaves in summer and autumn.
Control method: spray 80% trichlorfon with 500-800 times solution or 50% phosphamide 1500 times solution for 7 days/time.
(6) Helicoverpa armigera larvae harm buds, flowers and fruits.
Control method: Spraying 50% Phoxim EC 1500 times solution or 500 times solution of 25% insecticide in bud stage.
(7) grubs and cutworms occur from April to May, and they are trapped and killed by poisonous bait, and captured artificially at 10 in the morning. Or water the roots with 90% trichlorfon1000 ~1500 times solution.
(5) harvesting and processing
The seeds are harvested in autumn 1 1 month in the year of root-splitting propagation, and the seeds are harvested in two years. Salvia miltiorrhiza roots are brittle and easy to break. When digging, pay attention to drying 50 ~ 60%, rub a bunch of roots, pile them up for 2 ~ 3 days and then dry them. Every hectare produces 3000 ~ 4500 kilograms of dry goods, which are smoked with sulfur before storage and put in a ventilated and dry place.