Extended data:
Iodine is an essential trace element for human body, 90% of which mainly comes from food, and the rest comes from water and air. In food, the iodine content of marine organisms is the highest, such as kelp, laver, seafood fish, scallop, mussel, jellyfish, lobster, etc. The iodine content of land food is higher than that of animal food, and the iodine content is: eggs, milk >: Meat >; Freshwater fish. The iodine content of plant foods is the lowest, especially fruits and vegetables.
When iodine enters our body, it will become the synthetic raw material of thyroid hormone. When our body lacks iodine for a long time, it will cause insufficient secretion of thyroid hormone and lead to a series of manifestations of iodine deficiency. For infants and young children, it will affect the nervous system and skeletal development of infants and young children. In severe cases, it will lead to dementia, fetal dysplasia of pregnant women, abortion, premature delivery, stillbirth and other adverse consequences. For adults, it will cause goiter and hypothyroidism. However, when iodine is consumed in excess for a long time, it will also cause abnormal secretion of thyroid hormones, resulting in autoimmune thyroiditis, iodine-excess goiter, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, papillary thyroid cancer and other diseases.
Therefore, iodine should be eaten in moderation, and too much or too little is inappropriate. Especially for patients with thyroid diseases, iodine intake should be more targeted.
For patients with hyperthyroidism, the general principle of diet is high calorie, high protein, high vitamins and appropriate minerals (mainly potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, etc.: to prevent osteoporosis, pathological fractures and inhibit iodine absorption); It is particularly important to note that patients with hyperthyroidism need to avoid iodine-containing foods and drugs. Such as kelp, seafood, jellyfish and so on. If the thyroid function is normal after treatment and there is no obvious enlargement of the thyroid gland, small yellow croaker, hairtail and cuttlefish with less iodine can be selected to relieve their cravings. It is recommended to eat them no more than twice a month. Use non-iodized salt when cooking.
For patients with hypothyroidism, it is necessary to distinguish the causes of hypothyroidism. If it is a patient with goiter caused by low iodine diet, the intake of iodine-containing food should be appropriately increased, and more foods with high iodine content such as seafood, eggs and milk should be eaten. Use iodized salt when cooking. Eat less foods with low iodine content and easy to induce goiter. For patients with hypothyroidism or Hashimoto's thyroiditis caused by high iodine, low iodine diet is advocated.
In a word, patients with thyroid diseases, whether hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, should eat less foods with high iodine content except for clear reasons of iodine deficiency, and regularly review the indicators of thyroid function.