Fuzhou, Fujian Province, has preserved a considerable number of lanes formed since the Tang and Song Dynasties, and has become one of the important symbols of a famous historical city. The most famous of these lanes is China historical and cultural street, Fuzhou Sanfang Qixiang, which is regarded as "Sanfang Qixiang" block.
Sanfangqixiang is located in the center of the city, with Bayiqi North Road in the east, Tonghu Road in the west, Yangqiao Road in the north, Jipi Lane and Guanglufang in the south, covering an area of about 40 hectares and 268 existing ancient houses.
"Three lanes and seven lanes" is located in the center of Fuzhou, which is the general name of ten lanes arranged from north to south on both sides of Nanhou Street.
The "three squares" are: Yijinfang, Wenrufang and Guanglufang;
The "seven lanes" are: Yangqiao Lane, Langguan Lane, Anmin Lane, Huangxiang Lane, Tower Lane, Gongxiang Lane and Jipi Lane.
Since the Han Dynasty, Fuzhou has built six city walls, including Yecheng and Zicheng. The city has expanded from north to south. The whole layout is based on Pingshan as a barrier, Yushan and Wushan as a confrontation, South Street (Bayi Road) as the central axis, and the two sides become lanes, paying attention to symmetry, and gradually forming a street with three lanes, seven lanes and one street ("Street" guide).
The panorama of three lanes and seven alleys was formed in Luocheng, Wang Shenzhi, Tang Dynasty, with antai river as the boundary in the south of Luocheng, the political center and nobles living in the north, and the civilian residential area and commercial area living in the south. At the same time, the symmetry of the central axis was emphasized, and the walls were divided on both sides of the central axis in the south. These residents became the beginning of the lanes and alleys, which formed today's three lanes and seven alleys.
In this block, lanes are criss-crossed, and slabs are paved; White-walled tile houses, curved gables, rigorous layout and ingenious craftsmanship; Many of them are decorated with pavilions, terraces, buildings, pavilions, flowers and plants, and rockeries, integrating humanities and natural landscapes. Many doors and windows of residential buildings are carved by hollowing out and tenon-jointed, as well as rich pattern carvings. Exquisite stone pillars, steps, doorframes, flower stands and columns can be seen everywhere, which embodies the residential skills and characteristics of Fuzhou ancient city and is praised as a huge "Museum of Ancient Buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties" by the architectural community.
Three-lane and seven-lane houses follow the tradition of building walls by stages in the late Tang Dynasty, and all of them have high and thick brick or earth walls. With the ups and downs of the wooden frame, the wall is streamlined, and the upturned angle extends out of the house, which looks like a saddle, commonly known as the saddle wall. The wall is only for the periphery, and the bearing role lies entirely in the column. Generally, the two sides are symmetrical, and the wall head and wing angle are painted with clay sculpture, which forms the unique wall head style of Fuzhou ancient dwellings. There are one or more entrances to the house, and each entrance has a hall, a back hall, a main room, a back room, a left and right pavilion, and a front and rear patio. Courtyard is another feature of Fuzhou traditional houses. It is surrounded by halls and pavilions to form a rectangular space, which is the transportation hub in the house, and makes the house sunny, air smooth and drainage convenient. Indoor doors and windows are also different from other places, both large and numerous. Most of the windows are double-deck long rows of windows, the bottom layer is fixed, and the upper layer is open or double-open. The main door of the main room faces the open gallery of the hall, mostly 4-way, and the door is carved with rich patterns and flowers to add to the style of the hall.
The picture of three lanes and seven lanes shows "who knows that five willows are lonely and loose, but they live in three lanes and seven lanes". The three lanes and seven lanes are outstanding and fascinating, and many famous politicians, strategists, writers and poets in the past dynasties have gone to glory from here. Some of the names of the lanes and lanes can show the charm and glory of the year.
In the first "Top Ten Historic and Cultural Blocks in China", Sanfang Qixiang, the largest and most complete ancient building block in the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China, was selected as "Top Ten Historic and Cultural Blocks in China" by a high vote.
July, 2009 19, "Famous historical and cultural street in China? A grand unveiling ceremony was held in Nanhou Street, Fuzhou.
Yijin house
Yijinfang Yijinfang is the first square of the three squares, formerly known as Tongchao Lane. According to the Qing Dynasty's "Archaeology of Rongcheng", in the Song Dynasty, "Lu Yun and Lu Zao lived here, named Lu Jin, and later Wang Yixiang sent him to Jiangdong to be sentenced and renamed Yi Jin." In the Song Dynasty, it was called "Lu Jin", and in the Ming Dynasty, it was even more "Yi Jin". In fact, it was said that some people in the workshop were going out to be big officials, and now they are returning to their hometown with clothes and glory, so the name of the workshop was changed to "Tongchao" because this place is a water network area, and the tides of the West Lake and the South Lake can reach the ditches in this lane.
Fangzhong 16 is the residence of Zheng Pengcheng, a scholar of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty, among which Yijinfang Waterfront Stage is the most distinctive. This is a wooden single-storey platform with four columns and single bay, a clear water pond under it, a well in the middle of the day, and an attic on the front. Watching the drama performance here is clear in water, wind and sound, with acoustic principles and aesthetic value. It is the only existing waterside stage in Fuzhou.
Wenru house
The second of the three workshops is Wenru Workshop. The name Wenru Square has been around since Song Dynasty. According to the "Archaeology of Rongcheng", this lane "was originally named the Confucian Forest, and it was renamed after Zheng Muju, who offered a drink in the Song Dynasty". Zheng Mu was appointed as a national supervisor to offer wine sacrifices, and was an important official of the highest institution of higher learning in the country, attached to the official rank of Sanpin. Zhang Jing, a famous anti-Japanese soldier in the Ming Dynasty, and Gan Guobao, a famous Fujian prefect and Taiwan Province company commander in the Qing Dynasty, also lived here. The former residence of Chen Chengqiu, the home of the "people's scholars" (scholars in the five dynasties) who enjoyed a good reputation throughout the country in the Qing Dynasty, is also in the workshop. Chen Chengqiu's eldest son is Chen Baochen, the teacher of Emperor Xuantong of Qing Dynasty. The former residence of Chen Yan, a famous poet in the Qing Dynasty and the author of Shi Yi Shi Shi Hua, is also in the workshop. It is a mansion facing south, and Guanghua Pavilion is the landlord who studies for the disciples. Next door to Chen Yu is the residence of Professor Ke Linghan, a famous modern jurist. This workshop is famous for its numerous scholars and Confucians.
Guanglufang
Guanglufang is the third of the "three squares". Guanglufang, formerly known as Yuchishan, also known as Minshan, is one of the "Three Mountains" in Fuzhou. Historically, there was a Faxiang Courtyard in Guanglufang, commonly known as "Minshan Baofu Temple" (in the present Guanglufang Park). At that time, Cheng Shimeng, the chief of Fuzhou, who used to be Guangluqing, often visited this place to recite poems, and the monks carved the words "Guangluyintai" on the stone. In order to thank the monks, he recited a poem: "It's always sunny and lonely, and the wild monk wrote a poem on a stone platform. There is no poem like Yan Guanglu, but every time he remembers boarding, he returns." The name of Guanglufang came from this.
Guanglufang is also a place where celebrities live together. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, there were painters like Lin Youtai, Sun Changyi, his sons Xu You, Xu Bin and Sun Xuyu, his great-grandchildren Xu Ding, Xu Jun, his great-grandson Xu Liangchen and Xu Youchen, all of whom were poets and painters. There were brothers Lin Dong and Lin Ji during the reign of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty. Lin Dong is an archaeologist, and he has written "Selected Ancient Works in Laizhai" and "Textual Research on the Stone in Laizhai". Lin Ji is a master of poetry and prose, and he is good at calligraphy. His hand-written engravings of Yu Yangshan Man's Essence Record, Yao Feng Wen Copy, Gu Fu Yu Ting Miscellany and Wu Ting Wen Bian are very famous, and they are called "Four Carvings of Lin Ji", which occupies a place in the printing history of China. Huang Ren, a poet and famous Tibetan inkstone writer, Qi Kun, an envoy from Ryukyu Kingdom, two scholars from the same list-Liu Qiqu and Liu Qixian, a naturalist Guo Baicang, a modern novel translator Lin Shu, a famous writer Yu Dafu and so on. There are also many talented women, such as huang shu Mi and Huang Shuming, the daughter of Huang Ren, Qi Xiangdi, the daughter of Qi Kun, and Guo Shizhu, the daughter of Guo Baicang. They are either fine painters or poets.
Guanglufang is the most famous scenic spot in Guanglufang, which excels in pool, terrace, pavilion, stone, flower and wood, and there are many inscriptions on cliffs from Song Dynasty to Qing Dynasty. 196 1 year was included in the first batch of cultural relics protection units in Fuzhou. Under the litchi tree in the west of Guanglu Yintai, the original stone carving "Crane" is a place to commemorate Lin Zexu's crane release in his later years. There are also large wooden structures in the Qing Dynasty, the spacious and bright Liujia Courtyard (now a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit), Huang Ren's former residence with quaint wooden houses in the late Ming Dynasty, Zaoti Lane with high walls and narrow roads, and the old Foting Bridge paved with stone slabs in the Ming Dynasty, all of which have preserved the architectural characteristics of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Because the original houses near Guanglufang are relatively old, the whole overhaul work is being carried out in this area, and it is expected to be completed before the National Day of 20 10.
Yangqiao Lane
Yangqiao Lane is the northernmost lane among the seven lanes. Yangqiao Lane was named Dengjunfang in ancient times, but it was renamed because it was able to connect with yangqiao in the west. In the Republic of China, due to the needs of urban construction, it was expanded into a road, so it was later renamed "Yangqiao Road". Lin's mansion at the intersection of Yangqiao Road and Nanhou Street is the former residence of Lin Juemin martyr, which was later sold to the writer Bing Xin's grandfather Xie Shuan. Bing Xin lived here when he was a child. In My Hometown, there is also a vivid description of his former residence. After the roadway was expanded into a road, a considerable part of the former residence of Bing Xin, a martyr and female writer in Lin Juemin (see the entry "Former Residence of Bing Xin in Fuzhou") was preserved.
There is a "Double Throw Bridge" in Yangqiao Lane (South), which is small in scale but full of legends. First, the river channel where this bridge is located is the place where the east and west waters "meet the tide", and the inland river wonders of "Wan Li tide comes and breathes" are most vividly felt here. Second, a pair of banyan trees facing each other on both sides of the Shuangshuai Bridge, branches and leaves tied together in the air, embracing each other in shade, so there is a sad story of young men and women dying for love, which has been passed down for a long time, so that future generations can't tell whether love comes first, trees come first, bridges come first, or vice versa. Recently, some overseas writers compared it with Romeo and Juliet's swan song, which added a bit of sadness. However, due to the river reconstruction and urban construction, the Double Throw Bridge has gradually changed from a "bridge" to a "pavilion" on the street, becoming a place for passers-by to stop for tea.
Langguan lane
Langguan Lane is in the south of Yangqiao Lane, to the east of Nanhou Street, and the east end of the lane leads to Dongjiekou Scenic Resort, Bayiqi North Road, the downtown area of Fuzhou. Langguan Lane was also a port in the Song Dynasty. According to the Qing Dynasty's "Archaeology of Rongcheng", Liu Tao lived here in Song Dynasty, and his descendants were all Langguan for generations, hence the name. Chen Lie, a poet in the Song Dynasty, was originally from Changle, and also lived in Langguan Lane when he moved to Fuzhou. The former residence of Yan Fu, a modern enlightenment thinker and translator in China, is also located in the alley. There is a memorial arch at the west end of Langguan Lane, and there is a couplet on the column: "The translation is brilliant, and today it is still passed on to Yan Fu House; The door is at its peak, and later generations trace back to Liu Taoju. "
Taxiang
Tower Lane is located in the south of Langguan Lane, with downtown area of Bayiqi North Road in the east and Nanhou Street in the west. According to the "Archaeology of Rongcheng", "The old name was revised, and Chen Su, the magistrate of Song Dynasty, changed his name to Xingwen, and later changed it to Wenxing. Today, we call Tower Lane, and built the Wangta Courtyard here when we were in Fujian. " Located in the north of the lane, this tower is guarded by the tower courtyard and is regarded as a symbol of the prosperity of Fuzhou. In the ninth year of Chunxi in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 182), the pagoda was still there and has not been recorded since. In the Qing Dynasty, a half-piece small tower was built in the lane as a monument. In the 1950 s, the small tower was moved above the entrance of the lane. The old Jingxiaofang in Tower Lane was the only filial son Gao in the Ming Dynasty. There is a poem that praises him: "Three years of running water is like a gentleman, and it is a natural filial piety. Last night, the moon shone on three mountains, but I didn't know the dew spilled on you. " It is still a beautiful talk.
Huangxiang
Huangxiang is south of Tower Lane. Separated by Nanhou Street, it is connected with the east and west of Yijinfang. According to the records, during Jin Yongjia's reign (307-3 12), the Huang family in the Central Plains escaped chaos and settled here, so it was called Huangxiang. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Pu Huang, the official school secretary of Chongwen, retired to live here. When Huang Chao army entered Fuzhou, because of Huang Pu's name, he ordered the soldiers to "put out the candle" in Huangxiang at night and not disturb his home. Since then, Huangxiang has gained great fame. . In the past dynasties, many scholars and scholars lived in the alley, which became a gathering place for cultural celebrities and social celebrities. Lin Wenying, the magistrate of the Qing Dynasty, Lin Zhichun, the second runner-up, Li Fu, the governor, Liang Zhangju, the master of couplets, Chen Shouqi, Zhao Xin, etc., all lived in the alley. Once renamed Xinmeifang, it was later called New Miri, Malaysia. There is a "Tanghuangpuju" stone tablet in the lane, which was seen by some people in the early 1950s. There is a courtyard named "Xiaohuanglou" in Huangxiang, which belongs to the cultural relics protection unit.
Anmin lane
Anmin Lane is located in the south of Huangxiang, opposite to Wenru Square across Nanhou Street. Anmin Lane was formerly known as "Xilei Square", and it was renamed "Anmin", which was related to Huang Chao's entry into Fujian. According to "Fuzhou Local Records", "When Huang Chao, a peasant uprising army in the Tang Dynasty, entered Fujian, he showed his daughter in this lane, hence the name." The old tin workshop was known for its filial piety by Song and Liu Zao, and was later renamed as "Yuan Tai Yu De". Historically, most people in the alley were social elites. In Yuan Dynasty, all provinces were occupied by Jia Neju. The old houses on the west side of the lane still retain the symmetrical pattern and quaint charm. During War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's period, the office of the New Fourth Army in Fujian was located in it. Today this old house is listed as a revolutionary cultural relic protection unit.
Gongxiang
Gongxiang Gongxiang is in the south of Anmin Lane, and the east and west ends are connected with North Road 1817 and South Back Street respectively. According to the Qing Dynasty's "Archaeology of Banyan Scenes", "The old name Xianju was named after the Purple Palace in China. Later, Cui and Li Er were named Gui Xian, renamed Ju Ying Da, and Ming changed to Ying Da. "
The giant houses in Gongxiang are exquisite in structure, and the wood carving and stone carving components alone are amazing today. For example, the leaky window is carved with a wisp of air and joined by tenons, and it is decorated with rich patterns through various elaborate arrangements of wooden lattice bones. It is often decorated with key carvings on wooden piercing buckets, inserting buckets, child columns, moon beams and other parts. All kinds of exquisite and vivid stone carvings can be seen everywhere on column foundations, steps, door frames, flower stands and columns. It can be said that Fuzhou is a master of ancient architecture art.
Jipi lane
Jipi Lane, one of the three lanes and seven lanes in Fuzhou, is commonly known as "Jibi Lane". When the No.1 scholar in Song and Zheng Dynasties returned to his hometown, the residents in the lane quickly avoided him because they had insulted him, so they called it "urgent avoidance of the lane". In the Ming Dynasty, it was renamed as "Jipi Lane" by homophonic, which was auspicious.
The famous "Antailou" restaurant in Fuzhou is also located at the corner of Jipi Lane.
Nanhou Street
There are not only three "squares" and seven "lanes" in Fuzhou, but also a famous Nanhou Street.
Nanhou Street Fuzhou Nanhou Street with three lanes and seven lanes starts from yangqiao intersection in the west and ends at Kipi Road to Macau Bridge in the south, with a total length of 1000 meters, which is the central axis of "three lanes and seven lanes" in Fuzhou. It has seven lanes on the east side and three lanes on the west side. It was the main commercial street from Fuzhou's three lanes and seven lanes to the Republic of China, and merchants gathered from north to south.
Here, there are all kinds of daily necessities and 36 shops (all walks of life). There are also bookshops, second-hand bookshops, mounting shops, and lantern fairs for the Lantern Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival. "Liulichang outside Zhengyangmen, Nanhou Street in front of Yijinfang. When I went to the book market, I didn't see enough fun. " In the poem "Juren Wang Guorui" in the late Qing Dynasty, Nanhou Street was compared to the Liulichang outside Zhengyangmen in Beijing, which reflected the cultural features of Nanhou Street before. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Nanhou Street was still a busy market with "white-walled and tiled stone road" and many pavements on both sides. In the Republic of China, the road surface was widened and changed to asphalt road.
Nanhou Street is the central axis of three lanes and seven lanes. After renovation, Nanhou Street will be full of antique charm, and the width of the pavement will reach12m, including a pedestrian street with a width of 7m in the middle and roadside strips with a width of 2-2.5m on both sides. Nanhou Street, which starts from Yangqiao Road and ends at Jipi Road, is only 634 meters long. Positioning, it is a leisure and cultural commercial street combining tradition and modernity.
In the history of Nanhou Street, there were many traditional craft industries in Fuzhou, such as lanterns, mounting, bookshops and so on. According to relevant planning, Nanhou Street is positioned as a commercial street of traditional culture, and it is initially planned to restore some time-honored brands according to their operating status, such as Mijia Boat, Juchengtang Bookstore, Lantern Festival and other century-old brands, and the traditional lantern fair, which the citizens like, is also initially planned to be held regularly every year. In addition, relevant departments also intend to invite Fuzhou traditional arts and crafts masters such as Shoushan stone carving, bodiless lacquerware and cork painting to set up exhibition shops for arts and crafts masters in Nanhou Street, so as to increase the traditional business atmosphere.
Now, there are "new faces" such as bar coffee and top luxury goods in Nanhou Street's business format planning. The appearance of these new faces will inject modern factors into traditional Nanhou Street.
The protective restoration project along the street in Nanhou Street was completely completed in 2009 1 month, and the street has been opened now, reappearing its historical features of "the glazed factory outside Zhengyangmen and the Nanhou Street in front of Yijinfang".
[Edit this paragraph] Architectural features
Traditionally, we all talk about three lanes before seven lanes. In fact, from the analysis of building location, there should be seven lanes before three lanes. The ancestors of the Tang Dynasty first built a group of neatly arranged "new villages" along the axis of the city-South Street. Then, across a Nanhou Street, it developed westward, and built a group of lanes, which became a block with a non-zigzag structure with the south back street as the central axis. After thousands of years of wind and rain changes, most of them set the name of Fangxiang in the Song Dynasty, and formed today's architectural pattern in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, becoming a landmark building of Fuzhou's historical and cultural city.
Judging from the treatment of architectural space, the main hall of the three lanes and seven lanes on the central axis is obviously higher, larger and wider than the hall in the north, which forms a lively and varied spatial pattern with other corridors and pavilions. The hall is generally open and integrated with the patio. In particular, in order to make the hall look tall, spacious and open, efforts are generally made in the treatment of the porch. The purlin of the eaves, or a purlin to assist the eaves, are specially made of thick and long high-quality hard wood, and the column reduction method is used to make the hall without any obstacles, which is rare in northern buildings and other southern buildings. For example, the sedan chair of Lin Congyi's former residence in Gongxiang and the stage of the temple are all treated in this way. This is one of the important features of Fuzhou's ancient buildings.
In addition to the unique layout and structure, the three lanes and seven lanes have their own characteristics in walls, carvings and facades.
Saddle wall
Three-lane and seven-lane houses follow the tradition of building walls by stages in the late Tang Dynasty, and all of them have high and thick brick or earth walls. The wall is streamlined with the ups and downs of the wooden frame, and the upturned angle extends out of the house, which looks like a saddle, commonly known as the saddle wall. The wall is only for the periphery, and the bearing role lies entirely in the column. Most of the buildings in the south of the Yangtze River are stepped gables formed by straight lines at an angle of 90 degrees. There are only a few buildings in Fuzhou, including Fujian's northern Fujian, southern Fujian and eastern Fujian, but the saddle wall of Fuzhou's Sanfangqixiang dwellings is curved. Generally, the two sides are symmetrical, and the wall and the corner are painted with clay, which forms the unique wall style of Fuzhou ancient houses.
carvings
The most distinctive feature of three lanes and seven alleys in architectural decoration is the carving of door and window fans. Ordinary residents' beams and columns are mostly unadorned, simple and simple, but they take great pains in carving doors and windows. The exquisiteness of its window lattice and the beauty of its inlaid wood carvings are beyond the reach of residents in other provinces. There are many types of window decorations, such as mortise-and-tenon pattern leakage, pure wood carving window sash, and both of them are used alternately. It can be said that it is a master of Jiangnan art. In the mortise-and-tenon pattern, artisans have carefully arranged different decorative effects, including linear pattern, curved pattern and mixed pattern-linear pattern is dense, curved pattern is dynamic, mixed pattern is varied, and each has its own auspicious meaning. In the wood carving window sash, there are through carvings and reliefs, and the themes are birds and animals, figures and flowers. The whole window sash is carved symmetrically and asymmetrically. For example, in the ancient house of Ming Dynasty in Wenru Square, you Hengsheng, a more complicated vase pattern was carved on the door and window partition of the second wing, and the vase implied living safety. On the polyester ring board, there are flowers in shallow relief. These flower window carvings, which are carved with tenons or hollowed out wood, fully show the superb skills of Fujian folk craftsmen.
Building door
There are four ways to deal with the building doors of three lanes and seven lanes. One is a rectangular gate with a stone frame in the center of the front yard wall, and the other is a flying sign with saddle walls on both sides extending, and the saddle walls sandwich roofs with two slopes to form larger buildings, such as Shen Baozhen's former residence, Chen Chengqiu's former residence and Lin Congyi's former residence.
[Edit this paragraph] "Declaration of Three Lanes and Seven Alleys"
The Declaration of Three Lanes and Seven Alleys was adopted at the "International Symposium on the Protection and Renovation of the Old City —— Three Lanes and Seven Alleys" held in Fuzhou on July 20th, 2009. The declaration puts forward the following ideas and action initiatives on the protection of urban cultural heritage: every city has its own unique historical and cultural genes, and cities should cherish their own cultural heritage in the process of development. It not only belongs to a city, but also is the common wealth of all mankind, and every city has the responsibility and obligation to protect it.
From the protection of cultural relics to the protection of cultural heritage is the progress of social development. The protection of urban cultural heritage should pay attention not only to the protection of material cultural heritage, but also to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. We should attach importance to the emotional connection between people and cultural heritage, and establish positive, reasonable and effective ways to make cultural heritage concerned and shared by the people, so that cultural heritage can really provide inexhaustible motive force for social development.
The influence of cultural heritage on the economy and society is subtle, profound and long-term, and it is an irretrievable spiritual capital, cultural capital, economic capital and social capital. The loss of cultural heritage cannot be compensated. Cities should cherish their cultural heritage in the process of development. Every city has its own "Forbidden City" that should be protected.
[Edit this paragraph] Theme Pavilion
The proposed address of the museum for displaying the cultural value of the Three Pavilions and Seven Alleys has been basically determined, and 8 museums and 3 exhibition areas will be opened:
1. Museum of Historical Figures in Three Pavilions and Seven Alleys, which is planned to be located in the Liu Family Courtyard. The reason is that the Liujia Courtyard is the pioneer of Fuzhou and even the national leading urban public enterprise, and it is close to Guanglufang, which is the "living room" of three lanes and seven lanes.
2. Fuzhou Contemporary Art Center, to be located in the former residence of Lan Jianshu. The reason is that it is close to Guanglufang Park, which is very beneficial to promote people's flow, improve visibility and facilitate visits. 3. The Contemporary Lacquer Art Museum is planned to be located in Ye's residence in the center of Nanhou Street. The reason is that it is a transit platform for Fuzhou century-old shops to graft with old businesses and modern life. 4. Fuzhou Folk Exhibition and Performing Arts Center is planned to be located in Guo Baiyin's former residence. 5. Drama and Opera Performing Arts Center, which is planned to be located on the waterside stage. 6. The Tea Culture World Art Museum and the State Guest Reception Center are planned to be located in the former residence of Lin Congyi. 7. Ming and Qing Furniture Folk Museum, to be located in Ermei Bookstore. 8. The couplets museum is planned to be located in Liang Zhangju's former residence (Liang Zhangju is the originator of Fuzhou sages' couplets). The three exhibition areas to be opened are: "a special exhibition area", that is, the exhibition area from Langguan Lane to Huangxiang Lane in the "Seven Alleys", which mainly displays the kinship between Fujian and Taiwan; The "first comprehensive exhibition area" is the exhibition area between Huangxiang and Jipi Road, which mainly displays various cultures of Lin's values and ship administration culture; The "second comprehensive exhibition area", that is, the exhibition area formed by the organic combination of various exhibition points in the "Three Pavilions", mainly displays the relevant culture of literati. In addition, the three lanes and seven lanes will build different functional areas with the help of the structure of "one water, one node, two streets and two districts". Among them, "Yishui" is the waterfront leisure amorous feelings zone in antai river. The "one node" plan is to use Guanglu Yintai in Guanglufang as the south node of three lanes and seven lanes. "Two Streets" are the traditional characteristic commercial belt in Nanhou Street and the commercial renewal and development belt in Nanjie. The planning of "Two Zones" is to combine the north entrance and take Langguan Lane, Tower Lane and Shuixie Stage as the concentrated tourism exhibition areas. Gongxiang-Anmin Lane has a large number of cultural relics protection units and historical protection buildings, which will be used as a museum building concentration area; Both sides of the northern and southern sections of Wenru Square serve as the clubhouse area, focusing on creativity and leisure.
[Edit this paragraph] Fang Xiang celebrity
Important historical events after modern times, such as Destruction of Opium at Humen, Westernization Movement, the Reform Movement of 1898, the May 4th Movement, the "December 9th" Movement, the Lugouqiao Incident, etc., are all the joints of China's historical development. The characters who walked out of the three lanes and seven alleys all played the role of pushing hands of the times in these events.
Lin Zexu Lin Zexu: "The first person who looks at the world with his eyes open". Lin Zexu (1785— 1850) was an outstanding politician who opened the curtain of China's modern history and a national hero who resisted foreign aggression. He followed the trend of historical development and adopted a positive attitude of understanding and absorbing the achievements of western civilization and using them for our benefit, so he could become "the first person to see the world with his eyes open and the pioneer to learn advanced technology from the West". There is Lin Zexu's ancestral hall on Macau Road next to Sanfangqixiang.
Shen Baozhen: China's "Father of Ship Administration". Shen Baozhen (1820 ——1879) was pushed to the front stage in the Westernization Movement with the goal of "enriching Qiang Bing". He served as Fujian Minister of Shipping, responsible for shipbuilding, training and personnel training, and worked hard to form Fujian Navy and Nanyang Navy, becoming one of the representatives of the early Westernization Movement. He was a pioneer in introducing western science and technology, and one of the founders of modern education and modern navy in China. He was down-to-earth and spared no effort to put into practice the idea of "learning from foreigners to control foreigners" put forward by Lin Zexu and Wei Yuan.
Zeng Zongyan (1850 ——1972): "Father of the Army" in modern times. Zeng Zongyan lives in Anmin Lane. He has just been appointed as the supervisor of Jiangnan Road, which is convenient for1May, 898, and wrote to Emperor Guangxu, "It is advisable to use foreign exercises to train the army and the army." He advocated: "For today's plan, we should do our best to train the soldiers of foreign exercises in the provinces first, but we should seek the best and not suffer from the least." That is, to refine the army with new methods. And put forward that it is necessary to "rectify the army, and the army of all provinces should learn foreign exercises in accordance with the law, especially in the three eastern provinces." Emperor Guangxu attached great importance to it and immediately ordered: "In today's situation, training is the first policy, and practicing foreign exercises is especially important. However, it is necessary to choose the teaching practice to train the class diligently and check the salary to raise the army. " Zeng Zongyan's memorial triggered the reform of the Qing court's military system, so some people called him "the father of modern army."
Bing Xin (1900-1999), known as "the old man of the century", was born in Changle, Fujian, formerly known as Xie Wanying, and his pen name was Bing Xin Bing Xin. A piece of ice is in the jade pot. Modern famous poets, translators, writers and children writers advocate "the philosophy of love", and maternal love and childlike innocence are naturally the main themes of their works. She loves children very much and regards children as "the most sacred person", which is deeply admired by the people. Her works are full of love for nature and praise for maternal love and innocence. There is her former residence at the junction of Nanhou Street and Yangqiao Lane. In her famous essay My Hometown, she left a sincere description of her former residence: "I remember when I returned to Fuzhou from Yantai, Shandong Province when I was 1 1 year (19 1 1 year). This address is still very familiar and kind to me now, because since I learned to write, my parents have always urged me to write to my grandfather, and I have to write the envelope myself. This house is very big, and there are four people in our big family. Grandfather and we live in this room on both sides of the big hall. There are six people living in our front and back rooms. Grandfather is the only one in the front and back rooms, and there are books full of shelves. There became my paradise ... "
Lin Xu (1875 ——1893): one of the "Six Gentlemen of the Hundred Days". Teenagers are brilliant and unique, and they are Teda wizards. He followed Kang Youwei to participate in the reform and political reform, which lasted for a hundred days. He was killed by the stubborn old school headed by Empress Dowager Cixi, and he was only 24 years old. His name will go down in history forever.
Lin Changmin (1876— 1925): Initiator of the May 4th Movement. 19 19 On May 2nd, the article "Foreign Traffic Police Report Nationals" appeared in Beijing Morning Post and National Bulletin. The author Lin Changmin exclaimed: "Shandong is dead, and the country will not be a country. May 40,000 people swear to die." The words are sincere and painful. It was due to the Paris Peace Conference in 19 18. At that time, just after the First World War, Foreign Minister Lu Zhengxiang was ordered to be sent to the Paris Peace Conference. President Xu Shichang set up an ad hoc foreign affairs committee and hired Lin Changmin as the director and affairs director of the committee. Japan and Britain and France secretly agreed that after the war, Japan would inherit all the vested aggression rights of Germany in Shandong; And agreed with Cao Rulin, the Japanese funded the construction of "Jishun" and "Gaoxu" two railways, in order to further control China. Lin Changmin was furious after learning this, and decided to disclose such diplomatic shady and traitorous acts to the Chinese people, so he published an article on May 2nd of 19 19, and President Cai Yuanpei informed the students of Peking University and Beijing universities. A stone stirs up a thousand waves. 19 19 On the afternoon of May 4, more than 3,000 patriotic students from two schools in Beijing/kloc-0 held an impassioned demonstration, and the May 4th Movement broke out.
Chen Jusun (1913-1987): organizer of the "December 9th" movement. 193519 February, thousands of students in Peiping held an anti-Japanese and national salvation demonstration. According to historical records, this was "the first large-scale student movement led by China's * * * production party", which later spread all over the country. Chen Jusun, a student from yenching university, Beiping, was 22 years old and took part in organizing the parade. The night before the parade, it was he who hid most of the students who participated in the parade in Diaoyutai. On the eve of the "December 9th Movement", he did a lot of ideological mobilization work as a cadre of the Students' Union, effectively organized revolutionary students in yenching university and became the backbone of the "December 9th Movement".
Wang Lengzhai (1891-1960): the witness of the July 7th Incident. Wang Lengzhai lives in Huangxiang, Fuzhou. 1On July 7th, 937, when the Lugouqiao Incident occurred, he served as the inspector of the third administrative region of Hebei Province and the county magistrate of Wanping. Before the Japanese attacked Wanping Ancient City, he moved people and avoided more casualties. During the incident, Wang Lengzhai mobilized the police in the city to actively cooperate with the garrison, resolutely counterattacked the enemy and saved the city. He also held a special press conference to explain to the public the Japanese army's active attack on Lugou Bridge. After the Lugouqiao Incident, the Japanese army began to invade China in an all-round way, and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Wang Lengzhai, as an important witness of the July 7th Incident, attended the trial of Japanese war criminals and was called "the trump card witness of the Far East International Military Tribunal".
Yan Fu (1854.1.8—1921.10.27), whose original name was Zong Guang, whose name was Ling and later renamed Fu, was a Han nationality and a Fujian official, and was an influential bourgeoisie in the late Qing Dynasty.
Yan fu
Yan Fu was born in a doctor's family. 1866, Yan Fu was admitted to Fuzhou Ship Administration School in his hometown to study English and modern natural science, and graduated with honors five years later. From 1877 to 1879, Yan Fu and others were sent to study in Britain, first to Portsmouth University and then to Greenwich Naval Academy. During his study abroad, Yan Fu became interested in British social politics, dabbled in a large number of bourgeois political academic theories, and especially appreciated Darwin's view of evolution.