Hemudu people?

Six or seven thousand years ago, Hemudu area was still a swamp. When Hemudu people build houses, they first lay wooden stakes with a length of 1 meter, and erect criss-crossing keels (ground beams) on the wooden stakes, and then lay floors with a thickness of 10 cm on the ground beams, and erect columns, beams and roofs on the floors. The floor plays a role in preventing moisture, insects and snakes. It can be used to feed livestock. This floor is the living room. From the height of the column, people can't go in and out upright, but it has made great progress compared with nesting. The size and internal structure of a house depend on the number of residents. Judging from the residential buildings, Hemudu people have mastered the technology of logging and processing into piles, columns, beams and slabs. The beams and columns have been connected with tenons and mortises, and the floor is tightly assembled with tongue-and-groove plates. Different tenons and mortises basically meet the stress requirements, which are roughly the same as those of the later wood structure. Wooden components are engraved with decorative patterns such as double circles, straight lines, diagonal lines and plant stems and leaves. Due to the limitation of tools, the processing is rough. The use of pins and the invention of tongue-and-groove plates reveal that our ancestors mastered the construction technology more skillfully 7000 years ago, which embodies the perseverance of primitive people in conquering nature and transforming society, and lays the foundation for the unique contribution of China's classical wood structure technology to the world architectural history. Six wooden paddles were also unearthed at the site, and the shape of 1 paddles was basically complete and the outline was clear. They are divided into two parts: the paddle handle and the paddle. They are made of logs, shaped like long-handled leaves, and the handles are engraved with lines and patterns. They are light and practical, roughly similar to the paddles of modern cruise ships. They are the oldest paddles found in China at present. Paddles and a pottery boat prove that Hemudu people have begun to collect people, goods and floating water by boats and rafts. More than 200 wooden products, such as knives, hammers, shovels, spears, bowls, pipes, sticks, handles, spinning wheels and butterfly-shaped vessels, have been unearthed in the third and fourth cultural layers, many of which are rare or unknown in other Neolithic sites. Most of them are used for production. Wooden hammers are hammering tools, wooden tools are hunting and assassination weapons, wooden bowls are daily necessities, and wooden handles are accessories for stone tools to play a greater role. The stick is not only a tool for agricultural acupuncture and sowing, but also a collecting tool for digging roots and planing stems when collecting wild plants. Most wood products are made by cutting, chipping, planing, digging, grinding, painting and fire hardening. The surface has been polished and painted, and it is very shiny when unearthed. More than 20 wooden barrels unearthed are made of whole wood and look like bamboo tubes. The inner and outer walls were polished smoothly, and a shallow groove was chiseled in the inner wall, which was stuffed with logs and some were wrapped with rattan sticks, which might be used as percussion instruments. The discovery of wooden square wells in the second cultural layer proves that Hemudu people have mastered the sinking technology. Many well-preserved woodenware have been unearthed, which provides material data for studying the world's woodenware tools. ?

Banpo? What are the characteristics of Hemudu primitive residents in terms of food, clothing, housing and transportation and production?

First, half slope:?

(1) Agriculture: ① They planted millet (China was one of the earliest countries to grow millet); They grow vegetables, raise domestic animals such as pigs and dogs, hunt and fish. ?

(2) Handicraft industry: manufacturing "painted pottery". ?

(3) Living conditions: the house is a "semi-crypt house" (the characteristics of houses in the north). ?

So they have been living a stable life. ?

Second, Hemudu:

(1) Agriculture: ① They have planted rice (China is one of the earliest countries in the world); ② Raising domestic animals such as pigs, dogs and buffaloes. ?

(2) Living conditions: Is the house a "dry house" (the characteristics of southern houses)?

So they have been living a stable life?

In a word: Banpo people and Hemudu people are already in the agricultural age, and the main reason for their settlement is the development of their agricultural production. ?

Banpo settlement and Hemudu settlement have similarities, but also have their own characteristics. The commonalities are as follows: ① they are in roughly the same development stage and belong to matriarchal clan stage; ② Agricultural production is the main economic form, as well as economic activities such as feeding, fishing, hunting and gathering. (3) can build a house and live a settled life; (4) Can use and manufacture tools for grinding stone tools and pottery. The differences are as follows: ① the geographical environment is different; (2) The building features are different; ③ Different crops; ④ Different pottery styles. Therefore, we often think that Banpo settlement embodies the characteristics of farming civilization in semi-arid areas in the north and is the representative of matriarchal clan culture in the Yellow River basin. Hemudu settlement reflects the characteristics of farming civilization in humid areas of southern China, and is the representative of matriarchal clan culture in the Yangtze River basin.

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Figure? Hemudu people's diet