principle
Dietary care should be included in the overall treatment plan of patients and seek the guidance and support of doctors and nutritionists;
During the treatment, patients should receive regular nutritional status assessment, so as to make and revise the diet plan in time;
According to different treatment measures, according to the changes of patients' anatomy and physiological functions, the quality and quantity of diet, the form of diet and the way of supply are determined.
Quality and quantity of diet
According to the specific situation and digestion and absorption capacity, ordinary rice, soft rice, semi-juice and juice were given respectively.
Generally, the dietary calorie supply of cancer patients is similar to that of normal people, and high-calorie juice should be given after digestive tract surgery. Different conditions should be given appropriate diet according to the specific conditions of quality and quantity, such as:
For patients with neck radiotherapy, the diet should be more hydrated and cooler;
Some patients with neck surgery are prone to cough when eating, so soft food or dry semi-fluid juice should be given;
For patients with abnormal taste and anorexia caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, condiments can be appropriately added to the food to stimulate appetite;
Patients with liver cancer, full stomach, can eat grass head, hawthorn and other qi-regulating foods.
Lung cancer patients cough a lot of phlegm, and radish, lily and tremella can be supplemented to moisten the lungs, relieve cough and resolve phlegm.
Dietary intake route
The following four methods must be selected according to the patient's situation:
Oral diet
Oral administration is the best way to eat, and all patients who can eat from the mouth should be encouraged;
Nasal feeding diet
Suitable for coma, extreme anorexia and some patients undergoing oral surgery. Generally, juice or mixed milk with high heat energy should be selected. Pay attention to the eating speed, and the eating temperature should be kept at 37 ~ 38℃. Too cold and too fast are easy to cause reactions:
Tube feeding through stoma of stomach or intestine.
Through the artificial fistula of gastrointestinal tract, feeding with rubber tube or plastic tube. Food is thicker than nasal feeding, which can better meet the nutritional needs of human body. Nursing is simple, but attention should be paid to slowly increasing the feeding concentration and speed to avoid the reaction caused by high food concentration.
Intravenous nutrition
It is suitable for patients with gastrointestinal failure or insufficient food. Intravenous nutrition refers to reducing the body's own consumption by intravenous infusion of protein, sugar, fat, inorganic salts and vitamins, which is an effective measure to save patients with nutritional failure. Sepsis caused by venous catheter is a serious complication of intravenous nutrition. In addition to the strict routine care of medical staff, patients should also cooperate to keep the intubation site clean.
References:
First: Cancer patients can drink milk to supplement nutrition.
Yogurt and pure milk can be drunk. There is milk in the nutritious meal in the hospital. Why not?
1. Should patients avoid eating?
Absolutely! Both Chinese and western medicine emphasize taboos.
2. Do cancer patients want to avoid eating?
Of course! How to avoid eating? According to some people (especially some so-called oncologists, who don't really know and understand tumor treatment, they are actually quacks), you can't eat this, so you can't eat it? But it's not!
3. Why should we pay attention to diet conditioning?
(1) A reasonable diet can improve the body's own disease resistance, stimulate the body's own immune function and resist the invasion of tumor cells; (2) The correct diet can improve the curative effect of various tumor treatment methods, while the incorrect diet will affect the therapeutic effect of various anticancer methods; (3) Incorrect diet may affect treatment, even aggravate the disease, and induce (or promote) tumor growth.
4. How to take care of your diet?
Many people (China people) know that a reasonable diet is very important, and they also want to know what they (or their family and friends) should pay attention to in their diet. They often pay attention to related articles in books, periodicals and newspapers and find all kinds of opinions. For example, some people say that cancer patients can't eat marine organisms such as shrimps and crabs, and some people say that marine organisms such as shrimps and crabs contain a lot of nutrients such as protein, and patients with advanced cancer are often malnourished just to supplement nutrition; Some people say that cancer patients don't eat or eat less hot and dry food such as rabbit meat, dog meat and beef, but others say that there are no taboos. Results The patients (family members and friends) were at a loss and didn't know what to eat.
5. The principle of dietary taboos
The treatment principle of traditional Chinese medicine is syndrome differentiation. There is no unified conclusion about what cancer patients can and cannot eat. Strictly speaking, it must be determined by the patient's cold and heat deficiency and the nature and taste of food. That is, dialectical dining. However, in real life, neither patients nor doctors have time to check and determine what can and can't be eaten today. What should we do?
(1) Adjust measures to local conditions: Living in different areas, people have different long-term eating habits and different degrees of tolerance to various foods, so their dietary taboos are also different. If you live at sea for a long time, make a living by fishing, and eat seafood for a long time, you don't have to avoid shrimp, crab and raw fish. For people living inland, they usually have less contact with "seafood", so they should pay attention to not using it as much as possible; For people who eat animal meat such as cattle and sheep for a long time, it is not necessary to avoid eating beef and mutton, but for those who rarely eat beef and mutton, they should pay attention to not eating it as much as possible.
(2) Adapting to individual needs: the implementation of specific patients is different at different stages. According to different nationalities and people with different living habits, the content of taboos is different.
(3) Adapting to the times: the four seasons alternate, and human beings must conform to the laws of nature and cannot violate them. In spring and summer, the yang is strong, everything is full of vitality, and tumor cells proliferate rapidly. Try to eat less warm and dry "hair", such as dog meat and mutton. Autumn climate is dry, everything is depressed, and patients often have dry nose and mouth. Try not to eat hot and dry food at this time, and eat more fruits with more water. It's cold in winter, so try to eat less cold food.
6. Generally suitable for eating
(1) The daily diet should be regular and quantitative, and eat less and more meals to reduce the burden on the gastrointestinal tract. (2) Eat more foods containing vitamins A, C and E, and eat more green vegetables and fruits. (3) Insist on eating low-fat, high-protein and digestible foods. (4) The food should be fresh, and do not eat moldy and deteriorated diet. (5) In order to keep the stool unobstructed, constipation patients should eat foods rich in cellulose and drink some honey every day. (6) The main foods should include: milk, eggs, soybean milk, lotus root starch, fruit juice, vegetable juice, lean meat paste, liver paste, etc.
7 general taboo
(1) Avoid smoking and drinking. (2) Avoid overeating and greasy food, and avoid salty, smoked, roasted and fried food, especially roasted burnt food. (3) Avoid spicy food, such as onion, garlic, pepper, pepper and cinnamon. You can put a little seasoning. (4) Do not eat moldy and pickled foods, such as moldy peanuts, moldy soybeans, salted fish and pickles. (5) Avoid foods that are bony, prickly, rough and hard, sticky and indigestible, and contain crude fiber. (6) Avoid foods that taste too heavy, too sour, too sweet, too salty, too cold, too hot, and too stale. (7) Ascites should avoid salty and light food. (8) Patients with low blood coagulation function, especially those with bleeding tendency, should avoid eating scorpions, centipedes, and foods and traditional Chinese medicines that can break blood.
8. Avoid eating so-called "anti-cancer food" for a long time.
9. What should I eat for radiotherapy?
During or after radiotherapy, if you have radiation reaction and dry mouth, you should eat food that nourishes yin and promotes fluid production. Such as lotus root juice, mung bean, watermelon, Sydney, white thatch and so on. Pay special attention to try not to eat spicy food, such as dog mutton.
10. What should I eat during chemotherapy?
Loss of appetite: During or after chemotherapy, due to the gastrointestinal reaction of chemotherapy drugs, patients often have no appetite and want to vomit when they see food, which is not easy to digest after eating. Pay attention to eating less and more meals, eat immediately if you want, and don't force yourself to eat if you don't want to eat. Diet is mainly to strengthen the spleen and stomach and promote digestion. Such as coix seed, yam, jujube, freshwater fish, dried tangerine peel, ginger, lentils, radishes and carrots;
Low white blood cells: you can eat pork liver, bone soup, lean meat, jujube, mushrooms, walnuts and longan (you can't eat it raw, you must eat it processed).
1 1. Can tumor patients eat chicken and eggs?
It is completely edible. It should be noted that you should not be too fat and eat too much at a time. It's best not to eat boiled eggs, but to eat egg blossoms. One principle is to be easy to digest. There is also chemotherapy, and the digestive symptoms are serious. It is best not to rush to eat meat, which will affect your appetite. The head and bottom of the chicken (especially the old hen and the old hen) can't be eaten. Because it contains a variety of toxins. Normal people shouldn't eat either.
12. Can tumor patients eat ginseng?
Absolutely. But it depends on whether the patient is hot or cold. Hot people should take American ginseng; People who are afraid of cold should eat red ginseng.
13. Can tumor patients eat Tianqi?
It is best to take it for a long time. Tianqi Huayu Sanjie does not hurt healthy qi. Long-term administration can prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis and promote tumor regression.
14. Do tumor patients need to eat Ganoderma lucidum?
Proper use of ganoderma lucidum has an auxiliary effect. Can not replace traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment, the price is too expensive, not suitable for the public; Too many fake drugs are harmful.
15. What soup should tumor patients cook?
Easy to digest and absorb, not greasy, pay attention to the matters mentioned above.
Don't: after hearing that something has anti-cancer effect (anti-cancer food), cook it for patients for a long time. Similarly, you can't cook so-called "anticancer soup" and eat so-called "anticancer food" for a long time.
16. What fruits do tumor patients eat?
Kiwi, apples, Sydney, grapes, peaches, oranges and many other fruits can be eaten.
For some Lingnan (tropical) unique fruits, such as jackfruit, durian, litchi, longan and so on. Eating too much is easy to get damp and hot, so pay attention. For people with weak qi and blood, dried longan and dried litchi can be eaten properly, but raw litchi and longan are not suitable.