In the treatment of acute hepatitis, a reasonable diet contributes to the repair and regeneration of hepatocytes, improves the normal metabolic function of the liver, reduces the formation of poisons, and promotes the decomposition and excretion of poisons.
(1) protein is well supplied. In patients with acute hepatitis, the metabolism of protein is obviously affected, which is very unfavorable for the repair and regeneration of hepatocytes and the formation of antibodies. So we should eat a diet rich in protein, such as fish, milk, eggs, lean meat and bean products. In general, the daily protein should not be less than 1 ~ 1.5g per kilogram of body weight. For example, the daily intake of protein for L patients weighing 70kg should be 70 ~ 140g. However, it is worth noting that if the patient's blood ammonia is high or prone to hepatic coma, the intake of protein should be strictly restricted, otherwise it will lead to serious consequences.
2 carbohydrates should be enough. Decreased glucose metabolism in patients with acute hepatitis. Giving enough carbohydrates can protect and treat the damaged liver cells, and also reduce the decomposition of protein and fat in the body, which is beneficial to the repair of damaged liver tissue. Middle-aged and elderly patients can meet their needs by eating about 400 grams of grain every day, because the glycogen stored in the liver is limited. If they eat too much, they will not turn into more glycogen, but into fat, which will increase the burden on the liver.
③ The fat supply should be appropriate. Patients with acute hepatitis, especially patients with acute icteric hepatitis, should be given a low-fat diet, generally no more than 20 ~ 50 grams of fat per day, because they are extremely disgusted with oil. For patients without icteric hepatitis, in order to increase the total heat energy, the fat intake can be higher. These fats mainly come from vegetable oil, milk and fish.
④ The supply of vitamins should be sufficient. The liver is a storage place for various vitamins and participates in vitamin metabolism. For example, liver cells can convert carotene into vitamin A and nicotinic acid into components of coenzyme I and coenzyme II. Therefore, after suffering from hepatitis, the absorption and metabolism of vitamins in the body are affected, so we should eat more fresh vegetables rich in vitamins to supplement the needs of the body.
⑤ Avoid drinking. It is certain that alcohol has toxic effects on liver cells. When suffering from liver disease, the liver's ability to detoxify alcohol is obviously reduced. Drinking at this time is tantamount to adding insult to injury. If you drink too much, it will easily lead to acute liver necrosis and cause adverse consequences.
⑥ Drinks and others. Daily water should be sufficient, not less than 1200 ~ 1500ml. This is beneficial to the dilution of bile and accelerates the excretion of metabolic waste. If you have abdominal distension, drink less milk and soy milk and eat less gas-producing foods such as sweets.
⑦ Pay attention to food preparation. Patients with hepatitis often have poor appetite. Improving cooking methods can increase patients' appetite. At the initial stage of the disease, it is mainly light semi-fluid juice. With the improvement of the disease, we should give suitable, digestible and nutritious meals.
8 Simple diet therapy. Take a few loaches, put them in an oven at 100℃ and dry them and grind them into powder. Take 10 ~ 15g three times a day after meals.
(2) Diet therapy for chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis.
Chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis are common liver diseases. Through diet therapy, patients can improve the nutritional status of the whole body, enhance their resistance to diseases and promote rehabilitation.
1 calorie intake should be appropriate. In the past, some people treated hepatitis with a high-calorie diet. Results:12 patients with acute hepatitis and13 patients with chronic hepatitis developed fatty liver. Practice has proved that it is appropriate for patients with chronic hepatitis to get 2400 kilocalories from a balanced diet every day.
(2) The supply in protein should be sufficient. Patients with chronic hepatitis have higher demand for protein than normal people because of digestive absorption disorder, tissue protein decomposition and loss of more protein. Every kilogram of body weight should be given about 1.5g, and more high-quality protein containing essential amino acids should be given. Especially when there is ascites, if the albumin in the body is increased, the colloid osmotic pressure of plasma can be increased, which is beneficial to the return of tissue fluid, reducing the leakage of ascites, increasing blood volume and glomerular filtration rate, thus playing the role of diuresis and reducing ascites. Protein mainly comes from fish, shrimp, eggs, lean meat, milk and bean products.
In patients with advanced liver cirrhosis, the ability to deal with protein's metabolic end product-ammonia is low. In order to avoid ammonia poisoning, the intake of protein in the diet should be limited, and the daily weight should be controlled at 0.7 ~ 1g or less.
③ Carbohydrates should be obtained from grains. Carbohydrates should be rice and flour, and some coarse grains and refined sugar, such as sucrose and fruit sugar, should not be eaten more. Otherwise, it will not only affect appetite, hinder the intake of other nutrients, but also easily cause fat accumulation in the body and induce fatty liver. The intake of carbohydrates should be about 400 grams of grain per person per day, accounting for 65% ~ 75% of the total calories.
④ The supply of fat should be moderate. Liver disease, bile secretion is affected, hindering the digestion and absorption of fat. It is necessary to reduce the supply of fat in food. Generally, it does not exceed 50 grams of fat every day, including the fat in edible oil and various foods.
⑤ Provide adequate vitamins. When the liver is sick, the absorption and metabolism of vitamins are affected, so food should be rich in vitamins. B vitamins play an important role in promoting digestion and absorption, synthesizing glycogen and preventing fatty liver. They mainly come from coarse grains and meat. Vitamin C has the functions of promoting metabolism and detoxification, and is mainly obtained from fresh colored vegetables and fruits. Vitamin A and vitamin E have protective effects on the liver, mainly from animal food and vegetable oil.
⑥ Supply of other nutrients. The content of zinc in liver and serum of patients with liver disease decreased, so attention should be paid to zinc supplementation. Lean meat of pigs, cattle and sheep is rich in zinc, which can be eaten in combination with protein.
If patients with liver cirrhosis have ascites, they should adopt a low-salt or salt-free diet according to the amount of ascites. Low salt, that is, the daily consumption of salt is 3 ~ 5g, including the salt in other condiments.
In addition, patients with liver cirrhosis are prone to hypokalemia and hepatic coma, so they should choose foods rich in potassium and cellulose, such as lean meat, vegetables and fruits. Cellulose can keep the stool unobstructed, reduce the absorption of amines, and play a certain role in preventing hepatic coma.
Eat less or no spicy food.
⑦ Simple diet therapy. Chronic hepatitis: Peel pears, soak them in vinegar jars, and eat them after 2-3 days. Regular consumption is effective; Ascites due to cirrhosis: Take 4 pig bile and 500g mung bean powder. Drying and pulverizing pig bile, adding into mung bean powder, adding water and stirring evenly to make bean balls. Take 6-9g each time, three times a day until finished.
(3) Diet therapy for fatty liver
Fatty liver is caused by the disorder of liver fat metabolism, mostly caused by obesity, overnutrition, alcoholism, diabetes, drug poisoning and so on. For example, in the recovery period of hepatitis patients, excessive consumption of sweets will increase the source of liver fat, cause fat dysfunction and lead to fatty liver. Diet therapy plays a very important role in the treatment of fatty liver.
① Control calorie intake. Patients with fatty liver must strictly control the intake of total calories to promote the oxidative decomposition of excess fat in the body, thus reducing the accumulation of fat in the liver. Control the total calories, mainly to reduce the intake of fat and carbohydrates. The daily fat should be controlled at 0.5 ~ 0.8g, and the carbohydrate should be controlled at 2 ~ 4g. For example, for patients weighing 80kg 1, the daily carbohydrate should be controlled at 160 ~ 320g, which is equivalent to 200 ~ 350g of rice (flour); Fat intake should be controlled at 40 ~ 60 grams per day; Protein can help the transport of fat in the liver, and it is appropriate to take 1.2g per kg of body weight every day. These protein mainly come from fish, shrimp, lean meat, eggs, skim milk and bean products with little oil (such as tofu).
② Supplement sufficient phospholipids and vitamins. Phospholipids are essential substances for fat to operate in the liver, so it is necessary to provide rich phospholipids and raw materials for making phospholipids for the body. Rabbit meat, shrimp skin, scallop, millet, sesame, cauliflower, rape, etc. It contains a lot of substances that can be converted into phospholipids in the body, so the intake of these foods should be increased in the diet.
Patients with fatty liver should eat more fresh vegetables and fruits rich in vitamins.
③ Taboos and others. Patients with fatty liver should abstain from drinking, so as not to increase the burden on the liver. Avoid fruits containing carbohydrates and spicy spices. The intake of salt should be limited to 4 ~ 6 grams per day to avoid further aggravation of the disease.
In addition, in order to alleviate the hunger caused by dietary restrictions, foods with large volume and low calories should be selected in the diet. Such as coarse grains and vegetables with less starch.
4 simple diet therapy. 500 grams of vinegar and 50 grams of ginger. Slice ginger, put it in vinegar, and seal it 1 week before taking it. Take vinegar juice 5 ~ 10 ml each time, 1 ~ 2 times a day; Put 6 grams of Semen Cassiae and 6 grams of Fructus Crataegi into a thermos cup respectively, and brew with boiling water to drink tea.
(4) Dietotherapy for cholecystitis and gallstones.
Cholecystitis and gallstones are common diseases in middle-aged and elderly people, and sometimes these two diseases can occur in the same patient. The etiology of the disease is closely related to cholestasis, bacterial infection and disorder of cholesterol metabolism. The dietotherapy of these two diseases is mainly to control the intake of fat to ensure the normal secretion and metabolism of bile.
① Diet should be low in fat and cholesterol. Patients with biliary tract diseases, fat absorption disorders and cholesterol metabolism disorders. Therefore, foods rich in fat, such as fat, fried food, dried fruits, seeds and so on. And foods rich in cholesterol, such as animal brain, spinal cord, viscera, fish eggs, egg yolk, etc. , should be reduced in the diet. The daily fat intake, including cooking oil, should not exceed 40 ~ 50g, and vegetable oil should be used when cooking, because vegetable oil is beneficial to gallbladder function. If you limit the intake of cholesterol, you can regulate the metabolism of cholesterol and prevent the formation of gallstones.
(2) Supply enough protein and carbohydrates. Patients with cholecystitis should choose high-quality protein foods with digestibility and low fat, such as skim milk, egg white, tofu, soybean milk, rabbit meat, beef and lean pork. Toxins produced by gallbladder inflammation can return to the liver through biliary tract, thus damaging liver function. There is enough high-quality protein in the diet to repair damaged liver cells in time. Therefore, the supply of protein should be 1 ~ 1.2g per kg body weight per day. In the diet, foods rich in carbohydrates should also be included to ensure the body's thermal energy demand and glycogen synthesis. However, the intake of carbohydrates should be based on maintaining normal weight, not too much, otherwise it may contribute to lipid metabolism disorder.
③ Eat more fresh vegetables. Eating fresh vegetables can not only provide enough vitamins, but also provide a certain amount of inorganic salts and trace elements. Cellulose in vegetables can also promote bile secretion, dilute bile and prevent the formation of stones, which is beneficial to the discharge of metabolic waste.
Four points for attention. First, diet cooking should use methods such as stewing, stewing, steaming and boiling, and avoid frying and frying. Because fat will produce acrolein at high temperature, it will reflexively cause biliary tract spasm after eating, which will aggravate the condition. The second is to drink more fluids and increase your appetite. Drinking more liquid can dilute bile, and increasing appetite can stimulate bile secretion, which is beneficial to bile excretion.
⑤ Simple diet therapy. 60 ~ 90g of winter melon skin (twice the fresh skin), decocted with water, 2 ~ 3 times a day. Can clear away heat and toxic materials, induce diuresis and relieve constipation, and treat cholecystitis; 2 live loaches, cut meat on the back, swallowed raw and served in warm water. It can warm the middle warmer, invigorate qi, detoxify and diminish inflammation, and treat acute cholecystitis.