Pollution-free cultivation technology of summer cabbage Pollution-free cultivation of summer cabbage: The main obstacle is that the higher the temperature, the lower the growth requirements of cabbage, which is not conducive to pilling, but is conducive to the propagation and spread of diseased cordyceps sinensis, which has become the key to affect pollution-free cultivation and improve yield. The technology is as follows:
First, use varieties that are resistant to pests and diseases.
Pollution-free cultivation, Wang Xia cabbage, Xia Guang cabbage, Zaofeng 55 and other varieties with strong resistance (tolerance) to pests and diseases and heat resistance can be listed about 60 days after planting.
Second, cultivate healthy seedlings without pests and diseases.
Summer cabbage seedlings are generally raised in the first half of June, and full seeds are selected for direct seeding, with 50 grams of seeds per mu. After sowing, set up 1.2-meter-high trees and shed shade nets to realize pest-free seedling raising. After emergence, pull out dense seedlings and weak seedlings and follow them every 3-4 leaves.
Third, age-appropriate transplantation.
Transplanting when the seedling age reaches 30 days, which is in the summer drought, should be planted after 4 pm. When planting, use 10% clear water manure as root water, and water it again the next morning, with the density of 3500-4000 plants/mu.
Fourth, rational topdressing.
Before watering and planting, apply 30 kg of compound fertilizer to the central mu of the border, is it stable? 30 1? 60 kilograms; After transplanting the living tree, apply 20 kg of urea on the acupoint; Enzyme bacteria granular fertilizer100 kg; /kloc-chase again after 0/5 days, the quantity is the same as before, and the interval between the last fertilization and the harvest period is 20 days.
When the seedlings wilt slightly in the field, it is advisable to irrigate clean water in the morning and evening to keep the soil moist, especially in the fruiting period, otherwise the leaves are loose, the commodity is poor and the yield is low. In case of rainy weather, it is necessary to drain the stains in time to stop the rain and dry the fields.
Five, intertillage weeding
Summer is conducive to the growth of weeds, and the surface evaporation is large. After the seedlings survive, use 60-200 grams of herbicide dipropionate. It can also be cultivated in intertillage, which has the functions of eliminating weeds, reducing surface evaporation and reducing pests and diseases. Don't hurt seedlings and roots in intertillage.
Six, pest control and harvest
Pests and diseases include soft rot, black rot, aphid, cabbage caterpillar, diamondback moth and so on.
Prevention of soft rot: rational crop rotation, high border cultivation, increased application of organic fertilizer and removal of diseased plants; At onset, 3000-4000 times neophytomycin or 25g/ mu agromycin were used; Irrigate with 0/00 times of ammonium cuprate solution, 5- 10g per plant, and stop using it 10 day before harvest (the same below).
Black rot prevention: crop rotation. Keep the soil moist. Unplug the diseased plant; Soak seeds with 72% agricultural streptomycin 200mg/kg 10 min; At the initial stage of the disease, 72% agricultural streptomycin or neophytomycin was used for prevention and treatment at 4000 times or zhongshengmycin 1000 times.
Aphid prevention: removing residual leaves and weeds in the field; Set the yellow board to be coated with waste engine oil to trap and kill; Control with 20% matrine 2000 times solution or 1% avermectin 1500-2000 times solution.
Control of Plutella xylostella and Pieris rapae: Agricultural measures include: clearing fields, reasonable rotation, trapping and killing with black light; Use 1% avermectin 2000 times solution or 20% chlorfenuron 1 500- 1000 times solution or 5% chlorfenapyr 1 500 times solution or 2.5% Cai Xi1000-/kloc-0. It can also be controlled by 50% phoxim or 3000 times deltamethrin.
Summer cabbage is harvested in August-September in autumn. If the market is good, the ball can be harvested as long as it has been tightly wrapped. If the market is stable, the ball can be harvested if it meets the standard.
How to fertilize Chinese cabbage reasonably
Cabbage is also called cabbage and turnip. When applying farmyard manure as base fertilizer on the field where Chinese cabbage is planted, 225 ~ 300 kg of calcium superphosphate should be applied.
Chinese cabbage enters the clumping stage, which is the most critical period for plants to form strong assimilation organs to absorb fertilizer and water. At this time, topdressing should be carried out. When ammonium bicarbonate and other nitrogen fertilizers are applied, 15 ~ 20kg per mu for early-maturing varieties and 10 ~ 15kg per mu for middle-late-maturing varieties. Water after topdressing. With the increase of temperature, Chinese cabbage entered a vigorous growth period, and early-maturing varieties soon began to wrap their hearts without topdressing. For mid-late maturing varieties, nitrogen fertilizer 15 ~ 20kg per mu should be applied at the beginning of plant wrapping, and water should be applied in time after topdressing to promote the growth of leaf bulbs.
Varieties and cultivation techniques of summer and autumn cabbage
Medium-ripe hybrid This variety has a spreading degree of 60 cm, about 12 outer leaves, green leaves, medium wax powder, spherical shape, and a single ball weight of about 1.5 kg. Tight knot, good quality and crack resistance. Anti-virus disease and anti-black rot disease. This variety has wide adaptability and is suitable for planting all over the country. Sowing in autumn in the Yangtze River valley from June to July, sowing in 35 days, harvesting in 60 days, and the yield per mu is 4000 kg.
Second, Chen Su No.1
The first generation hybrid of summer and autumn cabbage has the characteristics of early maturity, high yield and high quality, and has been approved by the crop variety approval committees of Jiangsu Province and Sichuan Province. This variety has a spreading degree of 60-70 cm, few outer leaves, slightly dark green leaves, moderate wax powder, wavy leaves, oblate leaves, compact balls, single ball weight 1.5-2 kg, and yield of 3000-4000 kg per mu. Generally, the seeds are sown from late May to early July, sowing in 35 days and harvesting in about 65 days. The output value of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and its southern regions was the highest in late June, and it was listed around the National Day.
Key points of cultivation: (1) Sowing amount: 50g(2 per mu (2) Sowing in time, using rain and shade to raise seedlings, and shading from the sun at night to cultivate strong seedlings; (3) Row spacing: 40cm? 33 cm; (4) After planting, cover the ground with a sunshade net to promote the early life of plants; 5) Loosening the soil in time and applying seedling fertilizer early to promote early development; [6] Topdressing heavy fertilizer 1 time at heading stage to keep the soil moist; (7) Strengthen pest control.
?