Comrades who have seen "The Condor Heroes" will certainly remember how Yang Guo was detoxified after being poisoned by love flowers, that is, fighting poison with heartbroken grass. Herba Clerodendranthi was originally a vine of Cucurbitaceae, which was not grass at all, but an annual vine. Its main toxic substance is cucurbitacine. According to the original book, the intestines will turn black and stick together after eating, and people will die of abdominal pain. The general detoxification method is gastric lavage, taking carbon ash, then using alkaline water and emetic. After gastric lavage, it can be detoxified by using mung bean, honeysuckle and licorice.
Herba Lysimachiae Chinensis-There is also a saying that Leiteng (Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine) mung beans, honeysuckle and licorice are actually universal antidotes, as well as litchi pedicels and raw soybean milk.
Leigongteng
Lei Gongteng was born in a damp place on the edge of a mountain forest. Distributed in the south of the Yangtze River basin and southwest China. Roots are picked in autumn, leaves in summer, flowers and fruits in summer and autumn.
Functions and indications Tripterygium wilfordii has the effects of killing insects, diminishing inflammation and detoxifying. It is a widely used pesticide in vegetable gardens in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces in China, and has the functions of expelling wind, detoxifying and killing insects. It is also used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, tuberculosis and leprosy. Its roots, leaves and flowers can be mashed and applied externally, but after being applied with roots, it must be removed in half an hour, otherwise it will blister.
The incubation period of poisoning symptoms is generally about 2 hours, and symptoms such as decocting or drinking at the same time appear earlier and more serious. Generally, the time of death is about 24 hours, not more than 4 days at most. Poisoning begins with dizziness, headache, palpitation, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, abdominal distension, muscle pain, howling and struggling, numbness or convulsions of limbs, and pain in liver and kidney areas. Bloody stool, oliguria, edema, occasional hematuria, retention of urine, decreased blood pressure, cyanosis of labial nail, dehydration, electrolyte disorder and shock, acute renal failure and uremia in severe cases. Occasionally, cardiac arrhythmia, cardiogenic cerebral ischemia syndrome, nosebleed, vomiting blood, systemic and cold pill pain, hair loss in the later stage, and skin contact can cause inflammation.
Rescue method 1, 5 days after poisoning, and the prognosis is good. Contact with the poisoned person should leave the scene immediately. .
2, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, abdominal distension, liver and kidney pain, urine protein and serum transaminase increase should be stopped immediately.
3, vomiting, gastric lavage, catharsis and enema as soon as possible.
4. Intravenous infusion of10% glucose water or 5% glucose saline.
Another; Symptomatic treatment: such as pulmonary edema, cardiogenic cerebral ischemia syndrome, acute renal failure, hyperkalemia and severe uremia should be rescued by conventional methods. When acute renal failure, hyperkalemia and severe uremia occur, dialysis therapy is often effective immediately. Atropine is used for abdominal pain, and diazepam can be used for neurological symptoms.
Another kind of Herba Clerodendranthi-Gelsemium uncinatum, also known as kudzu vine, poison root, Humancao, fishy smell removal, rattan, Herba Clerodendranthi, kudzu vine (these two are found in Mengxi Bi Tan), Chaoyang grass, big tea herb, big tea vine, tiger grass, kudzu vine, cannon leaf, yellow bitter vine, yellow leek, chills. It is an annual vine of Loganiaceae (Brother Jing Man, the information I have seen is so). Xiyang and oval oblong leaves are opposite, with small yellow flowers, 5 calyx funnel-shaped, egg-shaped capsules, flowering period of 8- 1 1 month and fruit 12-2 months. Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi are all distributed. The whole plant contains alkaloids such as gelsemin (the most), Yin (the most dramatic), Mao, A, C, Chen and B.
The lethal dose of gelsemine in animal experiment is 0.8mg/kg (enough). The symptoms are respiratory paralysis, and the symptoms of gelsemine B are the same, but interestingly, at this time, the animal's heart is still beating, and ephedrine and other substances have no obvious rescue effect, which proves that gelsemine does not act on the central nerve or peripheral nerve, and it is generally believed that it acts on spinal motor neurons according to muscle weakness after poisoning. Gelsemin A is less toxic, and can be used as an analgesic with better effect when combined with aspirin, but neither of them has the effect of paralyzing ganglia, which is different from curculicidae. It can also inhibit adrenaline and smooth muscle, which means it can inhibit the heart and lower blood pressure.
Gelatin (mainly gelsemin A) can treat neuralgia, especially trigeminal neuralgia (good! Anyone with some medical knowledge knows how annoying trigeminal neuralgia is! ) can also treat acute myeloleukoplakia (even better! However, the terrible thing is that the therapeutic dose of this thing is almost the same as that of poisoning. It is always scary to use. Once breathing is abnormal, you should take measures quickly. (It can really cure some nasty diseases. It seems that there is still a little basis for Jin Daxia's nonsense.) External use can treat rheumatic joint pain, carbuncle, traumatic injury and so on.
Poisoning symptoms are: neuromuscular paralysis, diplopia, burning pain in digestive tract, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal distension or constipation, rapid heartbeat first and then slow, dyspnea, collapse and so on. As mentioned earlier, Gelatin acts on spinal motor neurons, which makes it difficult to treat, and there is no specific medicine. The general first-aid methods are gastric lavage, emesis, catharsis, etc. Traditional Chinese medicine can be taken with Sanhuang Decoction (Huang Cen, Huang Lian, Cortex Phellodendri and Glycyrrhiza), or honeysuckle juice and yellow sugar. There is also a folk prescription: fresh sheep blood can also be taken with hot water.
poisoned wine
Robin is a legendary bird of prey, bigger than an eagle, with a loud and piercing song. Its feathers are highly toxic. If it is dipped in wine, the wine will become a wine, which is so toxic that it is almost impossible to save. But considering the actual situation, it is estimated that this is just a legend, and over time, Jiujiu has become a general term for poisonous wine. There is a saying: silver carp is not a legendary raptor, but actually exists. Instant snake eagle and small raptor are not much bigger than chickens, and are widely distributed in southern mountainous areas, such as Wudang Mountain. Because it eats snakes, it is mistaken for being highly toxic, and the Taoist priest's "Yubu" is an imitation of his action when catching snakes. There is also a saying that silver carp is a rare and unknown bird, which has been killed completely.
Hedinghong
It often appears in novels, but there is no such item in all books. Crane has crane meat, crane bone and crane brain that can be used as medicine, but they are all non-toxic and are all nourishing and gain-enhancing drugs. For example, crane brain can enhance eyesight and make people see things at night. What exactly is Hedinghong? I checked some informal articles and said that Hedinghong is actually a red stone. Red arsenic stone is a natural mineral of arsenic trioxide, which is famous as arsenic after processing. Perhaps because the red arsenic sublimate is red, the name Hedinghong was used. It is said that in ancient times, officials hid it in the imperial crown and used it to commit suicide when necessary, which was credible. When arsenic enters the human body, it will combine with the sulfur group in protein, so that protein will be denatured and lose its activity, which can block the way of intracellular oxidation and energy supply, and make people die quickly without ATP energy supply, which is similar to the mechanism of hydrocyanic acid.
nux vomica
It is nux vomica, which is the seed of nux vomica and nux vomica from Yunnan. Oblate or oblate, with a diameter of1.5 ~ 3 cm and a thickness of 0.3 ~ 0.6 cm. Often one side is raised, the other side is slightly concave, and the surface has fuzz. The edge is slightly raised, thick, and the center of the bottom surface has a protruding dot-like hilum, which is hard. The main toxic components are strychnine (C21H22O2N2) and Brucine,C23H26O4N2). Mainly used for rheumatism, numbness, paralysis, falls, carbuncle, swelling and pain; Sequela of polio, rheumatoid joint pain, it is said that it can also be used for myasthenia gravis. The symptoms of poisoning are headache, dizziness, irritability, increased breathing, muscle cramping, difficulty in swallowing, aggravated breathing, pupil narrowing, chest distension, poor breathing, and tightness of the whole body. Then the extensor and flexor muscles contract extremely at the same time, and they are overly sensitive to hearing, sight, taste and feeling, and then they have typical convulsions. Finally, the respiratory muscles are stiff and suffocated and die. The detoxification method is to use central depressants to stop convulsions, such as Amian sodium, pentobarbital sodium or diazepam intravenous injection. Then gastric lavage, then decoction with licorice, mung bean, divaricate Saposhnikovia root, rattan, indigo naturalis (taken orally) and ginger, taking 4 doses continuously.
Natural arsenic
Chemical composition: As2 O3, hexagonal octahedral crystal with equiaxed crystal system. The single crystal is octahedron and rhombic dodecahedron. The aggregate is star-shaped, shell-shaped, hairy, earthy and stalactite.
White is sometimes with sky blue, yellow and red tones, but also colorless, streaked white or yellowish. Glass to diamond luster,
There is also grease and silk luster. Mohs hardness 1.5, specific gravity 3.73-3.90, complete cleavage, shell-like fracture, brittle, soluble in water and highly toxic.
arsenic trioxide
stone
It is a processed product of natural arsenic-containing minerals such as arsenopyrite, arsenopyrite or realgar. Also known as trust stone. Location: Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Guizhou and other places. There are two kinds of commodities: red arsenic sublimate and white arsenic sublimate, and red arsenic sublimate is the main medicine. All arsenolite must be put into a sand pot, sealed with mud, burnt red in the fire, taken out and cooled, or boiled with mung beans to reduce its toxicity. For grinding fine powder. The refined product of arsenic sublimation is white powder, that is, arsenic, which is more toxic.
Collection and storage of medicinal materials: a few are natural arsenopyrite ores, and most are processed. There are many processing methods, one of which is the old method and the other is the new method: ① the old method.
Crushing arsenopyrite into small pieces, removing miscellaneous stones, burning it with coal, charcoal or wood, and then subliming it, which is the arsenic sublimate. This method is simple in equipment, but harmful to health. ② new law
Select pure realgar, smash it into pieces about 10 cm, ignite it, and make realgar burn to generate gaseous arsenic trioxide and sulfur dioxide, and then fully condense arsenic trioxide through the condensation pipeline, which is the arsenic trioxide. Sulfur dioxide is also discharged from the flue.
Processing method: remove impurities, smash, put into a sand pot, seal the mouth with mud, burn it in the fire, take it out, let it cool and grind it into fine powder.
(1) The Theory of Lei Gong's Baking: "When the aragonite is filled in a small porcelain bottle, it is added with two flavors, namely, purple-backed begonia and Shi Yourui, and the three pieces are fired, from self to application. Then soak it in licorice, take it out from Shenzhizi, dry it, but put it in a bottle and calcine it in the fire. Don't grind it for 30 thousand times. "
2 "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "Arsenic, vinegar is used to kill viruses."
exam
Certificate: From Kaibao Materia Medica (1) Compendium: "I am fierce in sex, hence the name. Only when I am out of Xinzhou, my old friend is called the letter stone, but the letter word is hidden. " "Doctors all say that it is very toxic to see fire lightly, while Lei's treatment is forged by fire. Today, most of them are flying trainers, and they all want quick results, regardless of their poison. If they use the living, it will be even worse." ② "New Theory of Internal Medicine": "Relish is very toxic, which makes the stomach heat play, suddenly develop inflammation, and even fester and die, which is extremely painful and bitter. Although arsenic sublimate is very toxic, it is very powerful if it is used sparingly as medicine. As a trust stone jellyfish, the first-class trust stone is used for a penny and two cents, salt is added for two cents, and a catty of rain is boiled to twelve taels with low fire. Alkali and trust stone are mixed, and neither is seen, so it is for trust stone jellyfish. Every time you use one or two hyacinth jellyfish, add twelve taels of clear water, take one or two times a day, and take one or two times a day. There is only one twelfth of a millimeter of arsenic in the rain. This water is effective in treating cold-heat malaria syndrome, and can treat dermatosis and various ringworm. "
Identification of raw medicinal materials: there are two kinds of red arsenic sublimate and white arsenic sublimate, and red arsenic sublimate is the main medicinal material. ① Red arsenic sublimate
Also known as: red alum and red cymbidium. It is an irregular block with different sizes. White, with yellow and red color halo, slightly transparent or opaque, shiny glassy, spun silk or dull. Crispy, Yi Shuo broken. No gas. This product is extremely poisonous and unpalatable. It is better to be blocky, ruddy in color, with crystal lines and no dregs. ② White arsenic sublimate
Also known as: white arsenic. It is an irregular block with different sizes, colorless or white, transparent or opaque, glossy glass, spun silk or dull. Brittle, easy to smash, lifeless. This product is extremely poisonous and unpalatable. It is better to be blocky, white in color, with crystal lines and no dregs. The above medicinal materials are produced in Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong and Guizhou. Microscopic identification:
This product is colorless and transparent under polarizer. High protrusion. Refractive index n =1.75, with staggered texture. Crossed polarizer, showing homogeneity.
Chemical composition of traditional Chinese medicine: Arsenic trioxide or arsenic anhydride (Arse－nous oxide anhydride) is the main component of arsenolite.
As2 O3), white, octahedral crystal, arsenic trioxide can be sublimated with high heat, so it is easier to refine; The sublimate is commonly known as arsenic, and its component is still As2 O3. Red mustard is a kind of vegetable oil containing AS2.
A kind of arsenolite containing red minerals besides O3.
It mainly contains arsenic hexaoxide and As4O6, and it is red if it contains trivalent iron and sulfide. Natural products still contain a small amount of elements such as tin, iron, antimony, calcium, magnesium, titanium, aluminum and silicon. The impurity composition of processed products depends on raw materials and processing process.
Chemical identification of traditional Chinese medicine: put a little of this product in a closed tube and heat it slowly, and white sublimation (As4O6) (pure product 137℃ sublimation) is generated. (1) Take a little of the above sublimate and add 2ml of water, 4 drops of sodium hydroxide solution, boil it to dissolve, and add silver nitrate solution 2 after cooling.
Drop, produce yellow precipitate. (2) Take a little of the above sublimate, add a little water to boil and dissolve it, that is, generate arsenious acid, and add hydrogen sulfide test solution and concentrated hydrochloric acid to generate flocculated yellow precipitate. X-ray diffraction, differential thermal gravimetric analysis and infrared spectroscopy can be used for identification.
Lethal dose 0. 1-0。 2 grams
Paralysis type: when a large amount of arsenic enters the body, central nervous system paralysis symptoms occur, painful spasms of limbs occur, meaning is vague, confusion, coma, and death within a few hours. This type is rare. Acute type: obvious symptoms of gastroenteritis,
Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, watery stool, sometimes with blood, and severe cases like cholera, died within a day or two. This type is common. -Quoted from Forensic Medicine of China.
Diamond has hydrophobic and oleophilic properties. When people eat diamond powder,
Diamond powder will stick to the stomach wall, and in the long-term friction, people will get gastric ulcer, and if they are not treated in time, they will die of gastric bleeding.
It is a chronic poison that is difficult to guard against. During the Renaissance, chronic poison made of diamond powder was popular among Italian giants.
Oleander, according to forensic data, the lethal dose is 20-30.
A leaf is poisonous all over the body.
Aconitum, Ranunculaceae, perennial herb. The plant height is 60- 120cm, the leaves are alternate, leathery, ovoid and trifoliate, two lobes are 2-cleft, the central lobe is 3-cleft, and the edges are notched. 5 calyx panicle, petals 2, fruit oblong, flowering in June-July, fruit in July-August. Liaoning, Henan, Shandong, Gansu, Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Guizhou are all distributed.
The name Aconitum generally refers to Aconitum carmichaeli and Aconitum kusnezoffii, and generally refers to the wild species Aconitum carmichaeli and many other plants of the same genus, such as Aconitum carmichaeli (Lanwula) and Aconitum Taibai (Jinniu Qi), which are the names in traditional Chinese medicine.
Aconitum contains many alkaloids, such as hypaconitine, neoaconitine, aconitine, aconitine A, aconitine B (carmichalin), taramine and so on.
The toxicity of aconitine is as follows:
1, can suddenly accelerate the heart rate and cause heart rate disorder. Anatomy proves that the heart of people who died of aconitine poisoning contracted like mulberry.
2, it can dilate blood vessels and quickly lower blood pressure.
3, affect the activity of adrenal gland, especially can significantly reduce the content of ascorbic acid.
4. Inhibit the central nervous system and respiratory center.
Poisoning is manifested as vomiting, diarrhea, coma, numbness of limbs, dyspnea, pulse, blood pressure, hypothermia and heart rate disorder (this seems to be all nonsense)
First aid generally uses large doses of atropine (atropine can relieve heart poisoning, similar to procaine, antihistamine and quinidine), lidocaine, dried ginger, licorice, honeysuckle, mung bean, rhinoceros horn and other traditional Chinese medicines. Astragalus membranaceus, polygala tenuifolia and milk also have certain effects.
In ancient times, the standard military poison, daubing weapons, preparing gunpowder, and Guan Gong scraping bones to cure poison was to cure aconite poison.
Aconitum brevipedunculata (Artemisia rupestris)
Aconitum carmichaeli is the lateral root of Aconitum carmichaeli (especially the cultivated product of Aconitum carmichaeli), which is also called sub-root. Chinese medicine pays attention to the excavation between the summer solstice and the summer heat, as if because of "its sweetness and heat", the unprocessed product at this time is called "mud aconite". After soaking in the mixed solution of bittern and salt, it is called "salt aconite root"; after boiling in bittern, soaking in thinner bittern, coloring with yellow sugar and vegetable oil, steaming and drying, it is called "black aconite root"; without coloring with yellow sugar and vegetable oil, it is directly steamed and dried and bleached with sulfur, it is called "white aconite root" (Ming Fu pian and male pian). Because of its pungent and sweet nature, Chinese medicine is mostly used for various "cold diseases and wind diseases" such as typhoid fever, stroke and rheumatism, and now it is mostly made into injections to treat heart failure.
The toxicity of aconite is the same as that of aconite, but it is weak, except that it is a commonly used medicine, so poisoning is more common, but there are few deaths. The general aconite poisoning is mostly caused by the patient's own factors, such as allergic system. As long as the rescue is timely, there will be no danger. The specific measures are the same as dealing with aconite poisoning.
In addition, Shenfu decoction is the last first aid in traditional Chinese medicine, which is used to adjust life. But that thing can't be used urgently and needs to be fried for a long time, so the Chinese medicine hospital can only fry that pot all day.
Blood sealing throat
Also known as "Poisonous Arrow Tree" and "Scissors Tree", the endangered plants protected by the state are one of the most poisonous plant species in the world.
The sap is milky white and highly toxic. Once the sap enters the blood through the wound, it is life-threatening. The ancients often painted it on arrows to shoot wild animals or enemies. Seconds.
Native to Southeast Asia. Visible in Xishuangbanna Botanical Garden, Hainan, China.
Taken in Danzhou Hainan Tropical Botanical Garden. It is estimated that theoretically this tree is enough to bring down all the people in Hainan.
Quinine, I don't need to say more about what this is. Everyone knows it. In addition to effectively killing malaria protozoa, it also has an important use-abortion. (It has always been very doubtful that those arrogant European colonial aristocrats want so much quinine, especially the Jesuits.)
Quinine can destroy the myofibrillar protein of smooth muscle and make smooth muscle contract rhythmically. (Some of them are like malaria shakes, interesting) Think about the results of rhythmic contraction of uterine smooth muscle during pregnancy. But at the same time, excessive quinine can inhibit myocardium and cause vasodilation, disturb sweat gland secretion, lead to dehydration, stimulate digestive tract and cause internal bleeding. Finally, it leads to heart and lung failure.
The lethal dose of quinine is 8g. Because it is easy to be absorbed, tinnitus, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, cyanosis of mouth and lips, hypothermia and respiratory paralysis can occur within 30min 1-2h. Quinine can also cause degeneration of retinal cells, which will seriously lead to optic atrophy, which means that the sequelae of quinine poisoning are likely to be blindness.
At present, there is no specific medicine for quinine poisoning (as far as I know). The first aid is mostly gastric lavage and enema, because it is easy to be absorbed, and at the same time it is not a highly effective poison. (Think about something so bitter that no one will treat it as poison.) When symptoms appear, it is already too late. Similarly, acute alcoholism is almost hopeless, but there are specific drugs for arsenic poisoning and snake venom, which are much worse than them. That's interesting. This is dialectics.
Finally, the two most commonly used Chinese medicines are antidote.
Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, a traditional Chinese medicine called Yaowang, can solve all kinds of drug poisoning.