Efficacy and function of five-color plum
From the records of Guangxi traditional Chinese medicine.
Pinyin name Wǔ? m？ I
The English name is Common Lantana Leaf, which is common lantana leaf.
Alias Dragon Boat Flower, Shanda Dan, Dahong Xiang Qiu, Coral Ball, Stinky golden phoenix, Ruyi Flower, Earth Safflower, Insecticidal Flower, Stinky Peony, Maoshenhua, Stinky Cold Wind, Cymbidium, Stinky Grass, Five-colored Flower, Five-colored Arrow, Wall-penetrating Wind, Wild Eye Vegetable, Five-colored Flower and Safflower Spine.
source
Source of medicinal materials: flowers of lantana camara of Verbenaceae.
Latin animal and plant mineral name: lantana camara.
Harvest and storage: it can be harvested all year round, but it can be fresh and dry.
Lantana in its original form, erect or liana shrub. The plant has a bad smell, the height is 1-2m, sometimes it is rattan, and the length is 4m. Stems and branches are square, with rough hair and often downward curved hooks or thorns. Single leaf opposite; Petiole length is about1cm; Leaf blade ovoid to ovoid oblong, 3-9 cm long and 1.5-5 cm wide, with wedge-shaped or heart-shaped base, blunt teeth on the edge, tapering or acute tip, rough wrinkles and pubescence on the surface, small bristles on the back and about 5 pairs of lateral veins. The head is axillary, and the inflorescence diameter is1.5-2.5cm; Inflorescence sober and stout, longer than stem; Bracts lanceolate, 1-3 times as long as calyx, pubescent; Calyx tubular, with very short teeth at apex; Corolla is yellow, orange and pink to crimson. Corolla tube is about 1cm long, with short hairs on both sides and a diameter of 4-6cm. There are 4 stamens, and the hidden fruit is spherical and purple-black when mature. Flowering all year round.
Habitat distribution
Ecological environment: It is common in seashore beaches, roadsides and open spaces at an altitude of 80-1500m. Gardens in our country are cultivated. Fujian, Taiwan Province, Guangdong and Guangxi are all beneficial to health.
Resource distribution: native to tropical America.
The whole herb with flowers contains lipids, and its fatty acids are myristic acid, palmitic acid, arachidic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid. What is its unsaponifiable part? Aromatic resin alcohol (? -amyrin)，？ -sitosterol (? -sitosterol) and 1- triacontanol (1- triacontanol), and also contains glucose, maltose and rhamnose. What is the volatile oil in the mosaic? -Miristine (? -phenylalanine), dipentene,? -terpineol (? -terpineol), geraniol, linalool, cineole, cineole, citral, furfural, carvone, etc. -Butene (? -Carnation), right-thymosin (? -cymene)，？ -、? , pinene, 1, 4- camphene (1, 4- camphene), myrcene, camphene and? -limonene (? -Coppene), etc.
Pharmacological action wuranmei can inhibit the formation of lipid peroxidation, and the order of inhibiting lipid peroxidation in different tissues of guinea pigs is adrenal gland > adrenal gland; Liver >; Kidney >; Heart >; Lung >; Brain. Five-color plum has no effect on phospholipid content and superoxide dismutase activity in liver, but significantly improves glutathione peroxidase activity.
Toxic toxicity: ethanol extract is the most toxic to rats, and Lantana camara isolated from leaves can reduce the oxygen consumption of liver and kidney slices in rats. Oral administration of plant leaf powder to cows or calves at a dose of 6g/kg can increase SGOT and serum bilirubin in animals. Autopsy showed that it was harmful to the liver and there was inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract.
Prepare herbs by frying.
1. Clean preparation: fresh products can be used as medicine after impurities are removed.
2. Cutting: Take the twigs after detergent and cut them into sections. Dried products can also be slightly wetted with water, cut into sections, dried in the sun, and screened to remove dust for use as medicine.
Bitter in nature; Slightly sweet; Cool; Poisonous
Meridian tropism and large intestine meridian
The function is mainly to clear heat; Stop bleeding. Major pulmonary tuberculosis and hemoptysis; Abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea; Eczema; pruritus vulvae
Usage and dosage: decocted, 5-10g; Powder, 3-5g. External use: appropriate amount, tamping.
Note that this product is toxic, and there are dizziness, nausea, vomiting and other reactions after oral administration. You must master the dosage to prevent adverse reactions. Pregnant women and the infirm are prohibited.
Various exhibitions
1. Lingnan Herbs Collection: Wash away wet toxic scabies.
2. "Nanning Pharmacology": Leaves: cure scabies and swelling, and stop bleeding from falls. Flower: It can stop the bleeding.
3. "Guangdong Traditional Chinese Medicine": expelling wind and relieving itching, relieving swelling and pain, detoxifying, and applying carbuncle to large intestine.
4. "Guangxi Chinese Herbal Medicine": whole grass: antipyretic, insecticidal and itching-relieving, eliminating sores and generating sores.
Excerpts from Chinese Materia Medica
Introduction of five-color plum
Morphological feature editing
Five-colored plum is an evergreen shrub with a height of 1 ~ 2 meters, and sometimes its branches grow like vines. Stems and branches are square, pubescent and usually short spines. The single leaf is opposite, ovoid or ovoid, the apex is gradually pointed, the base is round, both sides are rough and hairy, and it has a strong smell when rubbed. The head inflorescence is axillary on the upper part of the branch, with more than 20 flowers per inflorescence. The corolla tube is slender and the top is multi-split, which looks like plum blossom. Corolla color is changeable, yellow, orange yellow, pink, crimson. The flowering period is long, and flowers are planted in the open field in the south almost all year round, while the potted flowers in Beijing are the most in July-August. The fruit is a spherical berry, which is purple-black when it matures. They belong to 150 species, 2 species are introduced and cultivated in China, and there are many horticultural varieties. Five-color plum blossom (l? Montevideo is semi-rattan, and its colors are rose red and blue purple. White five-color plum (cv? Nivea) flowers are mainly white. Yellow five-color plum (cv? Flowers are mainly yellow.
Five-colored plum, also known as Mayingdan, Eupatorium odoratum and Seven Sisters, is an erect or semi-tendril shrub of Verbenaceae. The flowering period is from May to 10, and most small flowers are densely packed into hemispherical heads; Colors vary, starting with yellow or pink, then orange or red, and finally red. There are red and yellow flowers in the same inflorescence, so there are five-color plums, seven-color flowers and so on. Its flowers have the power to attract butterflies, and many butterflies will come when they bloom.
The whole plant of five-color plum has short hair and strong smell. Leaves opposite, ovate or heart-shaped. In the warm Jiangnan province, flowers can bloom all year round. Although its flowers are small, the diameter is less than 1 cm, but many small flowers are densely clustered, forming a head with a diameter of 4 ~ 5 cm. Inflorescences are relatively dense. Corolla tubular with 4 stamens. There are many varieties of lantana, among which yellow, red, orange, purple and white are more common. Some varieties have mixed colors during flowering, such as orange and red. As ground cover plants, yellow flowers and purple flowers are widely used. [2]
Growth habit editor
Five-color plum blossom
Five-color plum blossom
I like sunshine and warm and humid climate. It has strong adaptability, drought tolerance and barren tolerance, but not cold tolerance, and grows well in loose, fertile and well-drained sandy loam. Flowering: June ~ 65438+ 10. Sex likes warm, humid and sunny places. Drought tolerance, slightly shade tolerance, not cold tolerance. It is basically cultivated in the open field in the south and can be used as a potted plant in the north. The requirements for soil quality are not strict, and fertile and loose sand grows best.
This species is a tropical plant, which likes high temperature and high humidity, and is also resistant to dry heat and cold, with poor cold resistance. It keeps the temperature above 10℃ and leaves don't fall off. Avoid ice and snow, have strong adaptability to soil, be drought-resistant and moisture-resistant, and have low requirements on fertility. [3]
Release editor
Tropical America is cultivated in China, Guangdong, Hainan, Fujian, Taiwan Province and Guangxi provinces, and has escaped into the wild. [4]
Cultivation technology editor
cultivate
Potted five-color plum should be turned over before leaving the house in spring, with sufficient base fertilizer and proper pruning. If it is a small seedling, it should be topped to promote the development of lateral branches. For the formed plants, attention should be paid to thinning the weak branches and diseased branches, and appropriately cutting them short, so as to maintain a good tree shape and promote more new shoots. If there are no seeds left after flowering, the residual flowers should be picked to facilitate the extraction of inflorescences from the axils below, and sufficient sunshine and moist soil should be maintained during the growing period, not too dry, especially during flowering. If it is too dry, it will wither easily. Affect flowering.
105 ~ June, apply cake fertilizer or human excrement diluent every 7 ~ 10 days, especially after flowering, topdressing should be done in time to keep the flowers in full bloom. 10 ends. If you want to move indoors, East China can spend the winter in a cold room. If there is enough sunshine indoors, the temperature can be above 10℃. After entering the house, control the water and stop fertilizing. New shoots that are too long can be appropriately cut short to facilitate storage.
Maintenance/curing
Five-colored plum is native to tropical America, and there is a small amount of wild plum in southern China. Like warm, humid and sunny environment, not cold-resistant.
The prepared bonsai can be maintained outdoors in sunny places during the growing season from spring to autumn. Even in midsummer, it does not need shading, but it requires good ventilation. If the light is insufficient, the plants will grow white, the stems and branches will be slender, and the flowers will be scarce, which will seriously affect the appreciation. Keep the basin soil moist during the growth period, avoid excessive drying, and pay attention to spraying water on the leaves to increase the air humidity; Apply a thin fertilizer with phosphorus and potassium as the main ingredient once every 15 days to provide sufficient nutrients for plants to bloom more. Five-color plum grows fast, so it is necessary to cut off the branches and leaves that affect the shape in time to keep the tree beautiful. After each flowering, the long shoots should be cut short, and the plants should be cut short again before entering the house in late autumn and early winter, and the branches of that year should be cut short appropriately.
In winter, plants can grow and bloom normally when they are moved to the sunny place indoors. If the room temperature can be maintained above 15℃, they should be watered, fertilized and pruned appropriately. If you can't keep such a high temperature, control watering, stop fertilization, let plants hibernate, and you can safely overwinter above 8℃. Turn over the pots once a year in spring, then trim and shape the plants, and cut off dead branches, weak branches and other branches that affect the tree shape.
operate
Five-color plum blossom
Five-color plum blossom
Five-color plum is resistant to pruning and needs to be pitted frequently to make it a beautiful crown with a round head. When the seedling grows to a height of about 10 cm, it is enucleated to make it sprout and branch from the base, and 3 ~ 5 branches are reserved as main branches, and then enucleated when the main branches grow to a certain length, so as to make the main branches grow in a balanced way. Core the upper branches first, and then trim the lower branches. When the upper branches are pitted, the amount of branches removed is slightly more than that of the lower branches, so that the branches grow evenly and form a round-headed plant shape. After the plant is formed, with the continuous growth of branches, branches should be thinned and pruned frequently in the future. Combined with changing pots every spring, the over-dense branches, thin branches, cross branches and pest branches are thinned out from the base. According to the growth of the reserved branches, cut off 2 ~ 4 buds. Cut off the residual flowers in time after flowering to avoid consuming nutrients. [5]
control of insect
gray mold
Five-color plum blossom
Five-color plum blossom
Symptoms: germs first invade from the tip of petals. After the onset, all diseases are waterlogged, soft, faded and tarnished. Finally the petals turn yellow and rot, and the flowers fall off. Under wet conditions, a gray mold layer will be produced on the surface of the affected part.
Transmission route: pathogenic bacteria overwinter on the remains of diseased plants in the form of sclerotia or mycelium. Dragonflies are produced in the spring of the following year, which are spread by wind and rain, causing great infection, low temperature and high humidity, and poor ventilation, which is conducive to the development of the disease. This disease mostly occurs in greenhouses.
Prevention and control methods:
Paying attention to ventilation and reducing humidity can reduce the occurrence of diseases.
Pick flowers in time, burn them centrally or bury them deep in the soil to reduce the source of the disease.
At the initial stage of the disease, 1: 200 bordeaux solution, 2000 times of 50% sukeling wettable powder, or 50% puhaiyin wettable powder 1500 times can be sprayed every two weeks, and the spraying times depend on the condition. [6]
Leaf blight nematode
Symptoms: after the leaves are invaded by nematodes, the leaves become pale and have light brown spots.
Five-color plum blossom
Five-color plum blossom (7 pieces)
Then gradually deepened to almost black. With the enlargement of the lesion, it becomes angular due to the limitation of the main and lateral veins. In severe cases, the whole leaf withered and curled and drooped along the stem. Most nematodes are in slightly discolored areas, and only a few nematodes have turned dark brown or black leaves.
Transmission route: leaf blight nematode overwinters in newspapers and surrounding soil, diseased plant residues and wild hosts. Even on the tiny residual leaves, it can survive in the soil for 6 ~ 7 months. The whole development process of leaf blight nematode is completed in invasive tissue. When the conditions are suitable (22 ~ 25℃, enough humidity), it takes only 14 days from egg development to female adult laying eggs. Generally, it is spread by water drops, irrigation water and diseased leaves, and some people spread it from far away places, such as diseased leaves, flowers, stems, cuttings and soil. Invasion from leaf stomata.
Prevention and control methods:
Strengthen quarantine to prevent leaf nematodes and their propagation materials from being introduced into disease-free areas.
The soil used for horticultural control of potted plants should be forbidden from diseased soil and grass-rich soil; Improve the watering method, it is best not to shower, keep the leaves dry as much as possible, and have a proper gap between potted flowers to prevent the leaves from touching each other.
Chemical control can use 15% aldicarb granules, 5-6 grams per square meter of pot soil, or 2-3 grams of pot medicine with a diameter of about 25 cm. Or use 3% carbofuran, 3 ~ 5g per pot. It can also be sprayed on the leaves with 50% acetaminophen emulsion, 50% Yongxian ester and 50% carbaryl wettable powder 1000 times during the damage period. [7]
Chemical composition editing
The whole herb with flowers contains lipids, and its fatty acids are myristic acid, palmitic acid, arachidic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid. What is its unsaponifiable part? -Resin alcohol (? -amyrin)，？ -sitosterol (? -sitosterol) and 1- triacontanol (1- triacontanol), and also contains glucose, maltose and rhamnose. What is the volatile oil in the mosaic? -Miristine (? -phenylalanine), dipentene,? -terpineol (? -terpineol), geraniol, linalool, cineole, cineole, citral, furfural, carvone, etc. -Butene (? -Carnation), right-thymosin (? -cymene)，？ -、? , pinene, 1, 4- camphene (1, 4- camphene), myrcene, camphene and? -limonene (? -Coppene), etc. [8]
Principal value editor
Ornamental value
potted landscape
Five-color plum shoots are soft and suitable for making various forms of bonsai.
Five-color plum blossom
Five-color plum blossom (2 pieces)
Can be processed into single-stem, double-stem, waterfront, oblique-stem and other different forms of bonsai. Five-color plum leaves are large, and the crown often adopts natural shape, or it can be deliberately tied into a circle. Because of its rapid growth, strong germination and resistance to pruning, the modeling method should be mainly pruning, supplemented by Pinza and traction; The branches of five-color plum are straight and have no posture, so they can be bent with metal wires. Can I also use Lingnan School? Trunk and branch stores? The technology of modeling.
afforest
Five-color plum has bright colors, long flowering period, blue and green trees, and is gorgeous all year round. It has strong dust resistance and pollution resistance. It can be planted in parks and courtyards to make hedges and flowers, and it can also form green vegetation on both sides of roads and wilderness. Potted plants can be placed in front of the door, G hall, living room and other places to watch, or they can form flower beds.
Medicinal value
Medicinal: Collected and processed by roots or whole grass to be used as medicine. It can be collected all year round, dried or used in small quantities. Sexual flavor root: light and cool. Branches and leaves: bitter, cold and smelly. It is slightly toxic. Flowers: fragrant, light and cool. Efficacy. Root: clearing away heat and toxic materials, dispersing stagnation and relieving pain. Branches and leaves: dispel wind and relieve itching, detoxify and reduce swelling.
Treatment of common cold and high fever: 365,438 0g of five-color plum root, 365,438 0g of abacus root and 365,438 0g of gangmegan root are decocted in water.
Treatment of tendon injury: Mash fresh leaves of five-color plum, rub the affected area, and then apply it with slag.
Treatment of dermatitis, eczema and itching: decoct fresh branches and leaves of five-color plum in water and wash them outside.
Treatment of abdominal pain and vomiting: fresh five-color plum blossom 10 is a clever flower, stewed with water and a little salt; Or 6- 15g of dried flowers, taken with boiling water.
Treatment of eczema: grind 3 grams of dried flowers of five-color plum into powder and take it with boiling water. Fresh stems and leaves are decocted and washed for external use.
Treatment of sleepiness in children: 9 grams of five-color plum blossom and 6 grams of sunflower, decocted in water.
Treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis hemoptysis: 6 ~ 9 grams of five-color plum blossom, decocted in water.
Pharmacological action: Five-colored plum can inhibit the formation of lipid peroxidation, and the order of inhibiting lipid peroxidation in different tissues of guinea pigs is adrenal gland > adrenal gland; Liver >; Kidney >; Heart >; Lung >; Brain. Five-color plum has no effect on phospholipid content and superoxide dismutase activity in liver, but significantly improves glutathione peroxidase activity. [8]
Various exhibitions
"Lingnan Herb Collection Record": Wash away wet toxic scabies.
Nanning pharmacology: leaves: cure scabies and furuncles, and stop bleeding from falls. Flower: It can stop the bleeding.
Guangdong traditional Chinese medicine: expelling wind and relieving itching, relieving swelling and pain, expelling toxin and sticking carbuncle to large intestine.
Guangxi Chinese herbal medicine: whole grass: antipyretic, insecticidal, antipruritic and sore-healing.
Processing 1. Purification: removing impurities, fresh products can be used as medicine.
Five-color plum blossom
Five-color plum blossom
2. Cutting: Take the twigs after detergent and cut them into sections. Dried products can also be slightly wetted with water, cut into sections, dried in the sun, and screened to remove dust for use as medicine.
Should avoid "Fujian Chinese herbal medicine": pregnant women should not take it. ?
Bitter in nature; Slightly sweet; Cool; Poisonous
Meridian tropism and large intestine meridian
Usage and dosage: decocted, 5-10g; Powder, 3-5g. External use: appropriate amount, tamping. [8]
Toxic branches and leaves have bad smell and little toxicity [15- 18]. Cattle and sheep can cause chronic liver poisoning and cholestasis, and the symptoms are high fever, weakness, unstable gait, diarrhea, constipation, severe jaundice and light sensitivity. The ethanol extract of leaves can lower blood pressure and accelerate the breathing and tremor of dogs. The LD50 of coarse crystal of lantanene to rats was 20.3mg/kg[ 19].
The toxic components are Malandan A and Malandan B, which mainly damage the liver, gallbladder and bile duct and cause gallbladder paralysis. The toxic dose of Lantana Dilute A is 80mg/kg, and that of Lantana Dilute B is 200? 300 mg/kg [25]. [9]
Note that this product is toxic, and there are dizziness, nausea, vomiting and other reactions after oral administration. You must master the dosage to prevent adverse reactions. Pregnant women and the infirm are prohibited.
Other values
The branches, leaves and flowers of five-color plum give off a sensitive smell of mosquitoes and flies, which has a strong effect of repelling mosquitoes and flies.
Five-color plum blossom
Five-color plum blossom
Effect, and the smell is harmless to human body. Not only is it effective in repelling mosquitoes and flies, but it is also colorful and varied. Mosquito repellent seven flowers? It has dual functions of repelling mosquitoes and flies and beautifying the courtyard.