Auricularia auricula is divided into white auricularia auricula and auricularia auricula, which is delicious, vegetarian and nutritious and is a common dish in life. Auricularia auricula has very high nutritional value and is one of the indispensable vegetables for people's health.
nutritive value
Auricularia auricula contains elements such as protein, fat, polysaccharide, calcium, phosphorus and iron, as well as nutrients such as carotene, vitamin B 1, vitamin B2, nicotinic acid, phospholipids and sterols. Auricularia auricula is rich in nutrition and is known as the "crown among bacteria". Every100g of dry auricularia contains 9.4g of protein, 65.5g of carbohydrate, 357mg of calcium, 20 1 mg of phosphorus and 0/85mg of iron.
Auricularia auricula can help the digestive system to dissolve indigestible foreign bodies, effectively prevent iron deficiency anemia, thrombosis, arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease, and also has the function of preventing cancer. Auricularia auricula powder has pharmacological effects of anti-ulcer and anti-blood collapse.
Auricularia auricula is a famous delicacy, which is edible, medicinal and nourishing. China people can't get tired of eating for a long time, and have the reputation of "vegetarian meat", which is called "the black treasure in Chinese food" internationally. The cultivation method of Auricularia auricula is a must in the history of world agriculture, horticulture and fungus art.
The fruiting body of Auricularia auricula is gelatinous, disc-shaped and spike-shaped, with a diameter of 3- 12 cm. Soft when fresh and horny when dry.
With delicate taste and unique flavor, it is a famous edible fungus with rich nutrition. 100g of dried auricularia auricula contains10.9g of water,10.6g of protein, 0.2g of fat, 65.5g of carbohydrate, 306kcal calories, 7.0g of crude fiber, 5.8g of ash, 357mg of calcium, 20 1 mg of phosphorus and so on. The protein of Auricularia auricula is extremely low, containing 100g. Has the effects of invigorating qi, relieving hunger, improving intelligence, stopping bleeding and relieving pain, enriching blood and promoting blood circulation. Rich in polysaccharide colloid, it has good anti-skid effect and is an important health food for mine workers and textile workers. It also has certain anti-cancer and cardiovascular disease treatment functions.
Efficacy of auricularia auricula
1, anticoagulant effect
Take 300% Auricularia auricula decoction (1 ml/100g) orally for 20 days. The experimental results show that Auricularia auricula can prolong the time of partial thromboplastin in white clay by 65438 02.06 s, and improve the plasma antithrombin ⅲ activity, which has obvious anticoagulant effect. Auricularia auricula polysaccharide 50mg/kg has obvious anticoagulant effect on intravenous injection, intraperitoneal injection and gastric perfusion in mice. In vitro experiments, auricularia auricula polysaccharide also has strong anticoagulant activity.
2. Antiplatelet aggregation
The phosphate-buffered saline extract of Auricularia auricula can significantly inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation in vitro and block the release of 5- hydroxytryptamine from ADP-activated platelets below16 μ mol/L. After oral administration of 70g auricularia auricula, the platelet function began to decline within 3h and lasted for 24h. The acid extract from auricularia auricula mycelium can obviously inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation in rats in vivo (intravenous injection 10g/kg or oral administration 10g/kg for a long time 15d) and in vitro (25mg/ml, 50mg/ml and 100mg (mycelium) /ml). The ethanol extracts of 5g/kg and 7g/kg, *** 15d, can obviously shorten the erythrocyte electrophoresis time. The results of intraperitoneal injection of auricularia auricula acidic heteropolysaccharide in mice showed that the polysaccharide had the effects of promoting leukocytosis, anticoagulation and lowering platelets, and its activity increased with the decrease of polysaccharide molecular weight and uronic acid content, that is, its biological activity depended on the solubility of polysaccharide in water.
3. Anti-thrombosis
Oral administration of auricularia auricula polysaccharide 18.5mg/kg in rabbits can obviously prolong the time of specific thrombosis and fibrin thrombosis, shorten the length of thrombus, reduce the wet and dry weight of thrombus, reduce the number of platelets, reduce the platelet adhesion rate and blood viscosity, obviously shorten the euglobulin lysis time of guinea pigs, reduce the content of plasma fibrinogen and improve the activity of fibrinolytic enzyme. The results showed that auricularia auricula polysaccharide had obvious antithrombotic effect.
4. Enhance immune function
Auricularia auricula polysaccharide can improve spleen index, half hemolysis value (HC50) and rosette formation rate of mice, and promote phagocytosis of macrophages and lymphocyte transformation. Auricularia auricula mycelium 250mg/kg, injected intraperitoneally into mice for 7 days, can significantly increase the percentage of peripheral blood T lymphocytes; Subcutaneous injections of 400mg/kg and 800 mg/kg * * for 7 days restored the half hemolysis value HC50 caused by cyclophosphamide to normal.
5. Promote biosynthesis
Auricularia auricula polysaccharide 100μg can significantly promote the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid by human lymphocytes. Auricularia auricula polysaccharide was injected intraperitoneally into mice at a dose of 100mg/kg for 4 days, which slightly promoted the incorporation of serum protein leucine in mice for 3 hours.
6, reduce arteriosclerosis
Taking Auricularia auricula decoction (30g/kg) and Auricularia auricula polysaccharide (28mg/kg) continuously for 20 days and 8 days can obviously reduce the contents of serum triglyceride and serum total cholesterol (TC), increase the ratio of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) to total cholesterol, and have the effect of lowering cholesterol. Auricularia auricula polysaccharide1.80 mg/k g can prevent the formation of hypercholesterolemia in mice caused by hypercholesterolemia. Feeding auricularia auricula 2.5g/ rabbit * * 90d with cholesterol every day can reduce the contents of plasma cholesterol, lipid peroxide (LPO) and thromboxane a 2(TXA2), increase the ratio of prostacyclin to thromboxane A2 (PGI2/TXA2), and alleviate atherosclerosis.
7, delay aging
Taking auricularia auricula every day for 90 days can reduce the contents of oxygen free radicals, lipofuscin in liver, heart and brain tissues, plasma lipid peroxide and plasma cholesterol, and reduce the atherosclerotic lesions of rabbits by 2.5g/ rabbit. It is suggested that Auricularia auricula may reduce the formation of lipofuscin by lowering plasma cholesterol, thus maintaining the normal metabolism of cells and showing anti-aging effect. The scavenging effects of 50μl, 800μ l and 1000μ l of 2.5% auricularia auricula water extracts on H2O2 or superoxide anion radical (O-2) produced by enzyme system and non-enzyme system were studied by chemiluminescence analysis. The scavenging capacity was dose-dependent, indicating that the auricularia auricula water extracts contained antioxidant components.
8. Anti-radiation and anti-inflammation
Intraperitoneal injection of auricularia auricula polysaccharide (100 mg/kg) for 7 days has antagonistic effect on 60Coγ -ray irradiation, which increases the survival rate of mice by 1.56 times, and intraperitoneal injection of 60mg/ kg has certain anti-inflammatory effect on paw swelling of rats caused by egg white.
9. Anti-ulcer effect
70mg/kg auricularia auricula polysaccharide can obviously inhibit the formation of stress ulcer in rats by gavage for 2 days. Daily 165mg/kg gastric lavage 12d can promote the healing of acetic acid gastric ulcer, but has no obvious effect on gastric acid secretion and pepsin activity.
10, hypoglycemic effect
Oral administration of auricularia auricula polysaccharide 33mg/kg or 100mg/kg can significantly reduce the blood sugar level of alloxan diabetic mice, and the effect is the most significant after oral administration of polysaccharide for 4 ~ 7 hours. It can also reduce the drinking water of diabetic mice.
1 1, affecting fertility.
When 8.25mg/kg auricularia auricula polysaccharide was injected intraperitoneally into mice, the anti-implantation and anti-early pregnancy effects were the most obvious, and the effect of terminating the second trimester pregnancy was slightly worse, but it was ineffective for transporting pregnant eggs.
12, anticancer and antimutagenic
The hot water extract of Auricularia auricula has an inhibitory rate of 42.5% ~ 70% on sarcoma S 180 in Swiss mice and 80% on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. Auricularia auricula polysaccharide 200 mg/(kg d) for 65438±00d days has the effect of resisting the increase of micronucleus rate in bone marrow of mice caused by cyclophosphamide.
13, antibacterial effect
The echinocandin isolated from Auricularia auricula has antifungal effect.
14, remove black spots.
Take 30 grams of auricularia auricula and 20 red dates. Wash the fungus, remove the core from the red dates, add appropriate amount of water and cook for about half an hour. Every morning and after dinner. If you take it regularly, you can stay in the face, remove spots, strengthen your body and enrich your muscles. It can be used to treat facial dark spots and emaciation. Our auricularia auricula is recorded in Compendium of Materia Medica. Auricularia auricula can moisturize skin, prevent skin aging, strengthen spleen and moisturize skin, and help Auricularia auricula eliminate dark spots.
15, clearing the stomach and preventing radiation
The colloid in Auricularia auricula can absorb the dust, impurities and radioactive substances remaining in the human digestive system, concentrate them and excrete them, thus playing the role of clearing stomach, washing intestines and preventing radiation.
16, dissolution function of gallstones and kidney calculi.
Because it contains plant alkaloids that can promote the secretion of various glands in digestive tract and urinary tract, plant alkaloids can cooperate with these secretions to catalyze stones and lubricate intestines.
Edible guide
In order to save trouble, many people simply eat with water. In fact, auricularia auricula needs to be soaked in water for a period of time, and then washed with tap water several times. Flowing water can avoid pesticide infiltration.
Don't use ordinary detergent to clean fungi. The chemical components contained in detergent are easy to remain on fungi, which is not good for human health. The best way is to wash with salt water. However, don't soak in water for too long, otherwise all the vitamins in auricularia will be lost, reducing the nutritional value, and pesticides dissolved in water may re-penetrate into auricularia.
The right crowd
The general population can eat it.
1, suitable for patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and lithiasis, especially for people with iron deficiency, miners, metallurgists, weavers and hairdressers;
2, there are hemorrhagic diseases.
3, pregnant women should not eat more.
4, eating fresh fungus will be poisoned. Fresh auricularia contains a special substance, whose chemical name is "porphyrin". Because of this substance, people will have plant solar dermatitis after eating fresh auricularia, which will cause skin itching and make the exposed part of the skin red, itchy and painful, resulting in rash, blisters and edema. Comparatively speaking, dried fungus is safer. Because dried auricularia auricula is fresh auricularia auricula after exposure, most porphyrins will decompose during exposure. Before eating, dry fungus should be soaked in clear water, which will dissolve the residual toxins in the water, so that the dry fungus is ultimately non-toxic, but it should be noted that it is best to change the water two or three times when soaking dry fungus to remove harmful substances to the maximum extent.