Root (Radix Scrophulariae): Sweet, bitter, salty, slightly cold. Cooling blood and nourishing yin, purging fire and detoxifying. Can be used for treating yin injury due to fever, red tongue and polydipsia, erythema due to warm toxin, constipation due to body fluid injury, cough due to bone injury, conjunctival congestion and sore throat, scrofula and diphtheria carbuncle. pharmacological action
1. Anti-inflammatory effect
Intraperitoneal injection of Phytolacca acinosa crude glycoside 1.5 ~ 30 mg/kg has obvious inhibitory effect on paw swelling induced by carrageenan in rats. Parenteral administration of pokeweed saponin and sapogenin has strong anti-inflammatory effect on acute inflammatory edema in rats and mice, but the oral dose is 6 times that of intraperitoneal injection. The anti-exudation and anti-granulation tissue proliferation activities of Phytolacca acinosa saponins are 8 times that of hydrocortisone, and large doses of Phytolacca acinosa saponins can destroy the thymus of animals. Oral administration of pokeweed saponin E 200 mg/kg, the main component of pokeweed saponin, has obvious inhibitory effect on rat foot swelling caused by carrageenan.
2. Effect on immune function
A. Phytolacca acinosa polysaccharide -I(PAP-I) can significantly promote lymphocyte proliferation induced by Con A or lipopolysaccharide and enhance NK cell activity, suggesting that PAP-I can enhance the immune activity of mice.
B. Phytolacca acinosa polysaccharide-Ⅱ (PAP-Ⅱ) in 31~ 500&; Microscopic; G/mL significantly promoted the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes in mice.
C.EsA has significant anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects, which can inhibit the overactivation of macrophages and the production of IL- 1, IL-6, TNF and PAF. EsA can significantly reduce the elevated lymphocyte transformation level of model mice and improve visceral inflammation of model mice.
3. Antibacterial and antiviral effects
Phytolacca acinosa decoction and tincture have certain inhibitory effects on influenza, pneumonia and Neisseria in vitro, and the decoction is better than the tincture. The water extract of Phytolacca acinosa (1: 4) has inhibitory effect on Vicia faba and Chlorella vulgaris in vitro. The sugary protein in the juice of this product has the effect of resisting tobacco mosaic virus; Phytolacca acinosa protein has obvious anti-herpes simplex virus (type ⅱ) effect.
4. Antitumor effect
Mice were intraperitoneally injected with Phytolacca acinosa polysaccharide I(PAP-I) to induce tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in a dose-dependent manner with the assistance of lipopolysaccharide. Intraperitoneal injection of PAP-I 10 ~ 20 mg/kg can significantly inhibit the growth of S 180, and the maximum tumor inhibition rate can reach 5 1.7%. PAP-I therapy can significantly promote spleen proliferation, significantly improve T lymphocyte transformation and interleukin -2 production. It shows that PAP-I may inhibit the growth of transplanted tumor by enhancing the function of T lymphocytes, and has the function of protecting hematopoietic function.
5. Effects on respiratory system
The water extract, decoction and tincture of Phytolacca acinosa root have obvious expectorant effect, among which the decoction has the strongest effect; Compared with honeyed pills and dry powder tablets, Phytolacca acinosa ethanol extract tablets have better effects, faster onset and less toxicity.
Zhike Shanglu decoction and tincture have mild antitussive effect. Phytolacca acinosa alkaloids have obvious antitussive effect on ammonia-induced cough in mice.
6. Effect on kidney
Perfusion of Phytolacca acinosa extract into toad kidney can obviously increase urine volume, and direct dripping on kidney or web can dilate capillaries and increase blood flow, which may be the result of dilating glomerular capillaries and accelerating renal blood circulation, and its potassium salt may play a certain additional role.
7. Effects on digestive system
Oral administration of pokeweed saponin E50 mg/kg in mice has obvious inhibitory effect on intestinal carbon powder propulsion, and 100 mg/kg has obvious inhibitory effect on stress ulcer, but 200 mg/kg can induce or aggravate gastric ulcer.
8. Effects on metabolism
Oral administration of Phytolacca acinosa saponins in mice can significantly improve the penetration of tritiated thymidine [3H]TdR into DNA. The experimental results show that the total saponins of Phytolacca acinosa may be bioactive substances that activate nucleotide reductase, antagonize the inhibitory effect of hydroxyurea on nucleotide reduction reaction at the level of diphosphonation and prolong the cold tolerance time of animals.
9. Other functions
Intravenous injection of Phytolacca acinosa extract (15 mg/kg) in anesthetized cats significantly reduced blood pressure, but the action time was short, and it had inhibitory effect on toad isolated heart. In addition, Phytolacca acinosa decoction has certain anti-radiation effect.
taboo
1. Spleen edema and pregnant women should not take it.
2. Notes on Materia Medica: "Don't eat dog meat if you have land."
[13] Japanese Herbs: "Garlic is good."
4. "Pinhui Essence": "You can't bring it if you are pregnant."
⒌ "Outline": "People with insufficient stomach qi are not available."
[6] "Materia Medica": "Those who are not choked by gas and swell rapidly should not be used lightly."
Medicinal material identification
Character identification roots are conical and multi-branched. The surface is grayish brown or grayish yellow, with obvious transverse lenticels and longitudinal grooves. Commodities are mostly cross-cutting or longitudinal cutting pieces. Hard and not easy to break. Slight breath, sweet and faint taste, numbness after chewing for a long time.
Microscopically, the cork layer was identified as 58 rows of brown chlorine-producing cells. The cortex is narrow. There are normal vascular bundles in the center, and xylem cells are arranged radially. The parenchyma cells of this product are full of starch granules, some of which contain needle-like crystal bundles of calcium oxalate, and a few calcium oxalate prisms and clusters.
Physical and chemical identification: take 0.5 g of the fine powder, add 95% ethanol 10 mL, reflux extract for 0.5 h, and filter. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness, and the residue was dissolved with glacial acetic acid 1 mL and acetic anhydride 1 mL, and then concentrated sulfuric acid was added dropwise, which immediately turned reddish brown and did not fade after 2 hours (check Phytolacca acinosa saponin).
Toxicity and rescue
If Phytolacca acinosa is misused or used improperly, it is easy to cause poisoning. It usually occurs 20 minutes to 3 hours after taking the medicine, and it is characterized by elevated body temperature, tachycardia, frequent breathing, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea, followed by dizziness, headache, slurred speech, gibberish, restlessness, convulsions, delirium and even coma. From coma to waking need 1 1 hour, 3 1 hour. Large doses can cause central nervous paralysis, respiratory dyskinesia, blood pressure drop, myocardial paralysis and death. Pregnant women are in danger of miscarriage if they take more pills. Mild gastrointestinal reaction can disappear by itself after 3 ~ 5 days.
Rescue method: 30 g of raw licorice and 60 g of mung bean are mashed, decocted in water twice and taken separately.
In clinical application, due to lax treatment, dosage and patient system, some patients have different degrees of toxic reactions. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal discomfort, mental disorders, fever, elevated blood pressure, and even poisoning in severe cases, and death in time.
Processing and attenuation
Vinegar-made Phytolacca acinosa Compendium of Materia Medica is "sliced thin and fried in vinegar". Current method:
① Wash Phytolacca acinosa, add vinegar, mix well, smother thoroughly, put it in a pot, heat it with slow fire, fry it dry, take it out and let it cool. 100 kg per Phytolacca acinosa, 30 kg with vinegar.
(2) Take clean slices of Phytolacca acinosa, add vinegar (or appropriate amount of water), put them in a pot, heat them with civil and military fire, cook them until the vinegar is completely absorbed, take them out, and dry them in the sun. Each plant of Phytolacca acinosa 100 kg, vinegar 30 ~ 50 kg. After vinegar roasting, the toxicity is reduced and the diarrhea effect is alleviated.
According to the research on the historical evolution of the processing of Phytolacca acinosa, there are eight processing methods of Phytolacca acinosa, such as boiling, steaming, roasting, soaking, frying, vinegar roasting, brewing and boiling, and only the vinegar method is reserved. According to comprehensive analysis, heating treatment and auxiliary vinegar may be directly related to reducing the toxicity of Phytolacca acinosa and ensuring its curative effect. Therefore, when studying the processing technology of Phytolacca acinosa, we should pay attention to the heating mode, heating degree and other factors, as well as the optimal amount of vinegar.
Party selection
1. Control water flatulence: raw Phytolacca acinosa (cut like beans), red beans, etc. , and three crucian carp (intestines removed and scales preserved). Serve three flavors, put two flavors in the fish belly, tie them with cotton, add three liters of water, simmer the beans, take out the fish, take only two flavors, eat them on an empty stomach, and serve fish juice. Even after two days, do it again, but only three doses. ("Sheng Ji Zong Lu" Shang Lu Doufang)
4. Treat ten kinds of water vapor, take water: Phytolacca acinosa root (take a natural juice), and finally money is sweet. Put a local dog on the table, grind it carefully, and apply medicine at the same time. Just take it, take it hollow, and go underwater in the afternoon. Avoid salt for one hundred days and licorice for three days. (Yang Jia Zang Fang III)
(13) People who are swollen, short of breath, fidgety and thirsty due to water regulation cannot take hot drugs: Alisma orientalis, Phytolacca acinosa, Semen Phaseoli (fried), Notopterygii Rhizoma (reed removed), Pericarpium Arecae, Akebia macrophylla (reed removed), Poria cocos and Areca catechu. Evenly, finely cut, four yuan each, one and a half lamps of water, five slices of ginger, fried for seven minutes, and served warm, regardless of time. ("Fang Jisheng" dredging and drinks)
4. Treatment of sudden death: the root of Phytolacca acinosa is mashed, steamed, covered with new cloth, medicated and covered with clothes, without rest for several days. (Qian Jinfang)
To cure drug addiction, the pain under threat is as hard as a stone: one liter of raw Phytolacca acinosa root juice and one or two almonds (peeled in the soup). Grinding nuts to rot, mixing the juice of Phytolacca acinosa root, grinding and filtering the juice, and frying with fire. Every time you take it, take jujube as much as possible, adjust it with hot wine on an empty stomach, and gradually increase it to benefit evil things. (Sheng Huifang)
6. When treating postpartum blood clots, the pain is unbearable: one point for Phytolacca acinosa (dried), one point for Angelica sinensis (fried), and one point for Wei Zi and Pollen Typhae. The four flavors are smashed into powder, and the warm wine on an empty stomach is adjusted to two yuan. (Shang Lu Powder is in the Record of the Holy Relics) 1. Improve immunity: Vitamin C can protect cells, enhance the activity of white blood cells and antibodies, stimulate the body to produce interferon, destroy viruses and reduce the loss of white blood cells. An enzyme related to immune function in the form of minerals such as copper.
2. Reducing fat and lowering blood pressure: It contains more vitamin C, which can prevent atherosclerosis or some cardiovascular diseases if eaten regularly.
3. Detoxification: Rich in vitamin C, it helps to detoxify the liver. Clean up the toxins accumulated in the body for a long time and improve health. Increase the activity of immune cells and eliminate harmful substances in the body.
4. Nourishing liver: rich in vitamins, protecting liver cells and preventing toxins from damaging liver cells. It can promote the movement of liver qi and relieve liver depression. It can help maintain and repair the structure and function of the liver. Suitable for patients with liver disease.
5. Gonorrhea: It is rich in vitamin C and carotene, which is beneficial to control inflammation and help repair urethral epithelial cells.
6. Strong bones: rich in vitamins and trace elements, it helps to absorb calcium and promote bone metabolism.
7. Relaxation: It can promote peristalsis of intestinal wall, help digestion and prevent dry stool. It can lubricate the intestines and stimulate defecation. Keep the feces in the intestine moist to facilitate defecation.
Suitable for people:
Suitable for people who are prone to fatigue, work in polluted environment, like smoking, engage in strenuous exercise and high-intensity labor, and take medicine for a long time. It is helpful for the treatment of symptoms such as congestion, cyanosis, bleeding, pigmented spots, cataract patients and scurvy patients.
Suitable for people with dizziness, fatigue, fatigue, tinnitus, dizziness, pale skin, mucous membrane and nails, feeling short of breath, osteoporosis and palpitation after physical activity.
Nutrients surface calories 20 (kcal) Thiamine 0 (mg) Calcium 0 (mg) protein 1 (g) Riboflavin 0 (mg) Magnesium 0 (mg) Fat 0 (mg) Nicotinic acid 0 (mg) Iron 0 (mg) Carbohydrate 4 (g) Vitamin C 45 (mg) Manganese 0 (mg). Dietary fiber 1 (g) vitamin E 0 (mg) zinc 0 (mg) vitamin A 42 (μ g) cholesterol 0 (mg) copper 0 (mg) carrot 1 (μ g) potassium 0 (mg) phosphorus 0 (mg) retinol equivalent 93 (μ g) sodium 65438+