From 4000 BC to 2000 BC, that is, Yangshao culture in the early Neolithic period to early summer, this period experienced a long period of 2000 years, which was the enlightenment period of China traditional wine. Brewing water wine with fermented grains was the main form of wine making at that time.

Jiusheng Du Kang

From the Xia Dynasty in 2000 BC to the Qin Dynasty in 200 BC, it lasted 1800 years, which was the growth period of China traditional wine. During this period, due to fire, six animals and five grains appeared, and the invention of distiller's yeast made China the first country in the world to make wine with distiller's yeast. The export of grains, wine and other varieties, as well as the emergence of Du Kang and Yidi, have laid a solid foundation for the development of traditional wine in China. During this period, the brewing industry was greatly developed and valued, and the government set up a special brewing institution, and the wine was controlled by the government. Wine has become the enjoyment of emperors and princes, and the "meat forest wine pool" has become a portrayal of the life of slave owners. At present, although wine is popular, it is not popular. The scope of drinking is mainly limited to the upper class of society, but even at the upper class, people tend to be wary of drinking. Because in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, there were people who messed up politics and destroyed the country and the room with wine and color; At the turn of the Qin and Han Dynasties, a counselor set up the "Hongmen Banquet". Wine was introduced into political struggle and regarded as "evil" by honest politicians. Therefore, the development of the wine industry has been affected to some extent.

From the Qin Dynasty in 200 BC to the Northern Song Dynasty in 1000 A.D., it lasted 1200 years, which was the maturity of China traditional wine. During this period, scientific and technological works such as Qi Shu and Liquor Law appeared. Famous wines such as Xinfeng wine and lanling wine began to emerge; Yellow rice wine, fruit wine, medicinal liquor and wine have also developed; Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Du Mu, Su Dongpo and other wine culture celebrities come forth in large numbers. Various factors have promoted the development of traditional wine in China to enter a glorious golden age. The prosperity of wine began from the late Eastern Han Dynasty to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. This is mainly due to the wars and disputes that lasted for more than two centuries at that time, and many frustrated people and literati emerged within the ruling class, advocating empty talk, not asking about political affairs, drowning their sorrows by drinking and drinking too much, which made the wine industry flourish. By the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the wine industry was more prosperous, and drinking was not only popular in the upper class, but also spread to ordinary people. The flourishing age of Han and Tang Dynasties and the rise of non-land trade between Europe and Asia during this period made Chinese and Western wine cultures penetrate each other, further laying the foundation for the invention and development of China liquor.

The Northern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1000) to the end of Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1840) lasted for 840 years, which was the improvement period of China traditional wine. At the same time, distillers from the Western Regions were introduced into China, which led to the world-famous invention of China liquor. In the Ming Dynasty, Li Shizhen said in the Compendium of Materia Medica: "Soju is not an ancient law, and its law was founded in the Yuan Dynasty." It is also reported that "shochu started in the Dading period of Jin Shizong (1 16 1)". Distilled liquor with high alcohol content quickly became popular. Over the past 800 years, white wine, yellow wine, fruit, Portuguese wine and Chinese medicine have been developing, while China white wine has penetrated into life and become a widely accepted drink.

From 1840 to now, it has lasted for 150 years, which is the reform period of China traditional wine. During this period, the advanced brewing technology in the west and the traditional brewing technology in China competed for each other, making our winery blossom and spring is beautiful; Beer, brandy, whisky, vodka, sake and other foreign wines have taken root in China. The output of new wine varieties, such as Zhuyeqing, Acanthopanax Senticosus and Fish Cake Roast, increased rapidly. Traditional rice wine and liquor are also dazzling, each with its own characteristics. Especially in the later period of this period, that is, more than 40 years since the founding of New China, the brewing industry in China has entered an unprecedented era of prosperity.

Second, the invention history of beer

Bottled beer 1568 was invented in London.

Munich

Germany not only consumes the largest amount of beer, but also produces a very rich variety. There are super dark beer, low-sugar beer, red beer, white beer, cigarette beer, ice cream beer and so on. The beer you drink every day is just one kind of beer, that is, Lager, a mature beer with light taste. This kind of beer was invented by people in Munich, Prague and Vienna around 19 century, and its current sales account for 90% of the total beer sales in the world.

There are more than 750 breweries in Bavaria, among which the Wien Stefan National Brewery established by 1040 is the oldest brewery in the world, brewing black and white Axport beer, March beer, stout beer, Bilson beer, Raul beer and cold malt beer. Although there are many breweries in Germany, the production scale is not particularly large. The reason is to provide fresh beer for nearby residents. In order to have a personal understanding of the style and taste of beer, every brewer takes his secret recipe as a treasure and never tells it to others, but they have an agreement that beer should be brewed according to the purity stipulated by Duke William IV in 15 16. According to this regulation, only barley, hops, yeast and water are allowed in beer production, and others cannot be added.

This is part of it. For details, please go here:/ngsh/flzk/whdoc10.htm.

Third, the history of red wine

Duras said in Lover: "Wine makes loneliness sound." Wine has precipitated too much masculinity passed down from generation to generation, except red wine.

Women are born to understand red wine, or red wine is predestined friends with women. Women are not only better at planting and brewing than men, but also better at tasting and selling than men. When it comes to red wine, we often think of the image of a woman. According to legend, Bacchus, the most cultural god in ancient Rome, invented wine, which made thousands of women worship almost crazily. Whenever Dionysus travels, he is always accompanied by a group of fairies. These fairies sing and dance while drinking, which shows that the origin of red wine is closely related to women. It is not surprising that modern women treasure red wine as a magical thing.

But in history, I think women even had to risk their lives for a sip of wine.

In the Roman Empire, women already liked wine, but it was strictly forbidden. Seneca once described women's passion for wine in the Roman Empire as follows: "We women, like men, drank in the dark with full glasses in our hands.". Unfortunately, however, the hero lost his mind for the sake of wine. With the collapse of the Roman Empire, all kinds of Martin customs were swept away, and women became more and more inseparable from wine. Drinking is no longer a sneaky thing for them, and they are often entangled with men. According to the writer Claudius Arenas, men can only drink under the table. Regarding women and wine, he said, "It's not good for women to drink too much. They lose consciousness easily. In addition, wine will make women lose the liveliness that men love. "

According to Christianity, Saint-Cyr hildegarde (1098- 1 179) began to use wine for treatment. In her prescription, more than 30 kinds are made with wine. Red wine began to lift the ban on women. Saint-Cyr Degard allowed nuns to ration more precious wine every day, and her successor, Benedictine nuns, took root in the Rhine Valley. Today, their monastery still deals in wine. But the nuns themselves are only allowed to enjoy a glass of wine at lunch on Sunday.

Times have changed, and now women can't live without red wine. Especially for the French, wine is as essential as bread. In the eyes of the French, wine is not used to satisfy hunger and thirst, but to enjoy it. According to statistics, every Frenchman consumes 66 liters of wine every year. Baudelaire said: "If there is no wine on the earth, people's health and spirit will be blank. This kind of blank is more serious than any kind of harm, because people are born to enjoy wine. Anyone who has never tasted wine, whether active or passive, is either a fool or a fool. "

Go to this website to learn more about the history of wine:/blog/archive/237490/051kloc-0/27095631796.aspx, because there are too many contents to copy. Please have a look for yourself!

I hope my answer is helpful to you!