1, general adverse reactions
Pertussis vaccine that is the pertussis vaccine, pertussis vaccination of the general reaction, mainly from pertussis contained in the bacterial components.
1, inoculation of unadsorbed vaccine 12-24 hours, local redness, swelling, pain, itching, individuals injected after the injection of the injection side of the axillary lymph nodes are enlarged.
2, vaccination containing adsorbent vaccine, injection localization can form hard nodules or sterile abscess. Rash and angioneurotic edema are occasionally seen.
3, the systemic reaction is mainly the emergence of microfever, especially inoculated with unadsorbed vaccine is more common, but 48 hours after vaccination can return to normal. The fever may be accompanied by transient symptoms such as lethargy, drowsiness and irritability.
2, the nervous system abnormal reaction
(1) neuritis
Mostly occurred in the 5 ~ 7 days or two weeks after vaccination, or even longer, manifested as numbness, pain in the limbs, tendon reflexes weakened or disappeared, the severe cases can appear muscle atrophy, paralysis and other symptoms, often facial nerve palsy. Symptoms, often facial nerve paralysis, crooked mouth.
(2) encephalopathy
Mostly occurring within 3 days after vaccination, there are convulsions, spasms, convulsions, lethargy, or abnormal howling symptoms, but most of them can be recovered, and a very small number of patients can be left with permanent damage, such as the emergence of limb muscular atrophy and paralysis, mental retardation, or epileptic seizures.
(3) allergic encephalomyelitis
Mostly occurs in 1 to 4 weeks after vaccination, the average is about 10 days. Manifestation of sudden onset, limb pain, numbness of the hands and feet, and may be accompanied by fever, restlessness, drowsiness, vomiting, convulsions, and later reflex changes, hemiparesis, cerebral nerve paralysis, such as damage to the spinal cord, there will be paralysis of limbs, and in some cases, there may be confusion and other symptoms of meningeal irritation. Most of the patients have a rapid development of the disease, the acute phase can be gradually relieved, and individuals will have sequelae.
(4) rash
Generally appeared in a few hours or days after vaccination, the form of the rash can be varied, common urticaria, similar to measles, scarlet fever-like rash, oozing papules, blister-like polymorphic rashes, hemorrhagic rashes or purpura, etc., can be generalized or limited, the appearance of the rash can be accompanied by fever, general malaise and other symptoms. Symptoms. For the treatment of the rash, the main anti-allergy, if necessary, can use hormone therapy.
(5) anaphylactic shock
After vaccination within a few minutes or an hour, suddenly pale, cold sweat, cold limbs, blood pressure drop, dizziness, headache, respiratory difficulties, and even fainting, cyanosis, if not rescued in time, it can lead to death. Therefore, people must be alert to this, once the shock, should immediately let the patient lying down, send medical attention.
(6) Hypotonic low response
This is a rare complication of DPT vaccination, which often occurs in infants aged 2 to 8 months, and usually occurs within 10 hours after vaccination. It is characterized by pallor, lethargy, irritability and anorexia, and most of them can recover on their own. About 0.2% of children can have sudden weakness, persistent screaming, obvious neurological changes and even death. The cause of its occurrence may be related to allergy or hypoglycemia.
(7) Angioneurotic edema
Often occurring within 1 to 3 days after vaccination, redness and swelling appear in the local area of the injection, the skin is shiny due to swelling, and in severe cases, it can be extended to the whole upper arm. For this case is mainly used anti-allergy treatment.
3, the incidence of abnormal reactions is low
Abnormal reactions after DPT vaccination are also mainly related to whooping cough components in the vaccine. In rare cases, allergic reactions may occur, or neurological complications such as convulsions, seizures, and shrill cries may occur, but the incidence of such abnormal reactions is extremely low and does not affect the implementation of the immunization policy.
4, who can not play
1, with epilepsy, neurological disorders and a history of twitching patients are prohibited to play pertussis vaccine.
2, acute infectious diseases (including the recovery period) and fever people suspend the injection of pertussis vaccine.
3. Pertussis vaccine is an immunization preparation for children and should not be used in adults.
5, how to avoid complications
1, active treatment. Young children with whooping cough should be actively treated with antibiotics, can reduce the chance of complications.
2, careful care. Pertussis fever, coughing sputum, secondary infection and other factors may lead to complications, so in the care of the child should also be very careful.
3, pay attention to diet. Pertussis children's food requirements dry, soft and easy to digest, to small meals, at any time to supplement. Avoid eating cold, spicy, fat and sweet food.
4, complications in time for treatment. Sometimes even if you do a good job of treatment, care, but still occurred complications, then we must actively treat the complications, so as not to leave sequelae.