Is Jiangsu folk custom okay? There is a little Nanjing folk custom at the end

Customs of farming and solar terms. Carry out farming and arrange life according to the twenty-four solar terms. For example, "There are six or nine cattle in the spring, and the fields are full of cattle." If the New Year's Day is overcast, "the clouds are bald, and the rice in the high and low fields is ripe at the same time." On the first day of spring, spring exploration, spring picking, spring greeting and spring hunting, as well as the spring cattle greeting and the "Spring Cow Picture" are held. In summer, "the rain hits the beginning of summer, and there is no water to water the rake", "the sun does not shine during the mild summer, but the stones are exposed during the severe heat". In the beginning of summer, people eat supplementary food and weigh themselves. In autumn, "Thunder strikes and nothing comes of it"; "On August 15th the clouds cover the sun, but next year the sky will light up with rain". In the cold winter, field management is mainly about "crops need to be harvested and the land needs to be plowed in winter" and "the grass on the edges of fields needs to be cleared in winter so that there will be more fertilizer and fewer pests in the coming year." The Winter Solstice is as big as the New Year. People eat rice cakes, make glutinous rice balls, wear new clothes and worship their ancestors.

Farming sacrificial customs: Before and after the Qingming Festival, rice planting must be done at the right time and by experienced male farmers, who must be praised for their words. On the first day of transplanting rice seedlings, it is called "opening the rice seedling gate". In addition to a set of procedures, one must also offer sacrifices to the God of the Earth. If there is no rain, go to the City God Temple to pray for rain. In order to prevent and control pests and diseases, people "throw torches" in the middle of the first lunar month. If there is an insect infestation in the Taihu Lake area, brooms are inserted in the fields and called "sweeping insects", or General Liu Mengchun and Bodhisattva are invited out to patrol. After the Mid-Autumn Festival, the Land Fair, Young Crops Fair, Rice Flower Fair and Qingfeng Fair are held.

The custom of handicraft industry has been passed down from generation to generation as "Baizu Apprenticeship". Apprentices and apprentices must have "recommendation guarantees" and "head guarantees" and sign a contract. During the apprenticeship period, there is a clear hierarchy of superiority and inferiority. When the apprenticeship is completed, a master apprenticeship ceremony will be held, a "full master's wine" will be held, and the "three bows and nine buckles" ceremony will be performed to the master and his wife. Each walk of life has its own ancestor, and sacrificial activities are held on the birthday of the ancestor, during Chinese New Years and festivals, and on the day when construction starts. For example, the master of stone masonry and carpentry was Lu Ban, the master of hairdressing was Lu Dongbin, the charcoal maker was Master Chen, the engraver was Qiu Miduo, the ceramics master was Fan Li, the pen maker was Meng Tian, ??the bamboo craftsman was Tai Shan, etc. The silk industry was very developed. In Suzhou during the Ming Dynasty, "every household raised silkworms and every household did embroidery." Machinists worshiped the God of Machinery and built temples and statues. In the old days, looms were divided into jacquard looms and plain looms. Only male weavers sat on jacquard looms and weaved silk with various patterns for the palace officials to enjoy. Female weavers could only use plain looms to weave silk for common people. Suzhou embroidery has a long history, and officials of successive dynasties have attached great importance to it. The embroidery industry respects Gu Mingshi as its founder, and famous folk embroidery masters train embroidery artists. The clay figurines in Huishan, Wuxi are deeply loved by people. Women buy "Big Afu" to seek good luck, silkworm farmers buy "Spring Ox" to pray for success in farming, and citizens like "Guanyin" and "Zhongkui" to hope for blessings from gods. The Biluo Tea in Xishan, Wuxian County enjoys a high reputation. Every year from the Spring Equinox to Guyu, the tea-picking girls go to the mountains to pick tea after bathing and changing clothes. Tea farmers are most worried about drought or insect infestation. When this happens, tea farmers slaughter pigs and sheep to worship Dragon King Bodhisattva and Meng Jiang Bodhisattva. Some even carry Bodhisattva around the tea mountain. On New Year's Eve, people offer the collected head tea to the Bodhisattva. On the first morning of the first day of the Lunar New Year, they brew a cup of tea and offer it in front of the Kitchen God Hall

Fishery Customs Jiangsu's river network is densely covered, and fishermen have been engaged in fish farming and fishing for generations. Taihu fishermen worshiped the legendary flood-controller Dayu, so they built the Temple of King Yu on Mount Ngang. Every spring, they worship King Yu with whole pigs and sheep, and invite troupes to perform in performances to thank the god for his blessings. Every year from May to July, before fishermen go out to the lake to fish, they will hold an event to invite gods and have a meal, commonly known as "doing justice." If the net is opened in the morning and the first crucian carp or carp is caught in the net, it is considered to be auspicious. If a black fish is caught, it is a sign of "black heart" and a lot of fish will be caught that day. If a white minnow is caught, it is considered to be a white day. Hard. Fishing is done in the small pond, and paper and incense are burned when the pond is dry to worship the pond god.

Market Folk Customs

Generally larger temple fairs are held during the slack season, lasting as little as one day or as long as ten days. During the temple fair, the temple is filled with fireworks and gongs and drums, and outside the temple there are vendors from all walks of life selling, performing, and snacks. Thousands of people flocked to the temple fair from all directions by boat and on foot. In addition to shouting and hawking, the vendors in the market also have the sounds of various traditions, such as the salesman shaking the leather drum, the coppersmith shaking the copper skewers, the sugar porridge carrying bamboo sticks, the fortune-telling drum and the small gong, the waste collection ringing, etc. . There are more colorful signs for merchants, such as pian shops with the word "dang" written on the high wall, teahouses hanging signboards with the word "tea", hotels often hang yellow and white flag curtains, and red, yellow, and blue rotating cylinders erected in front of the barber door. lights, red lanterns hanging in the bathroom, etc. On the fifth day of the first lunar month, on the birthday of the God of Wealth, stores would set up a God of Wealth hall early in the morning and hold sacrificial activities. Legend has it that the God of Wealth Bodhisattva is Marshal Zhao Gong, and there are also five gods. There is also a "jargon" in various industries, called "cutting". Shop owners and employees are the first buyers to use the cutting to talk about the price, so that the buyer does not know.

Food Customs Jiangsu’s food is particular about the selection of ingredients and differs from season to season. Nanjing chefs are known as "Heavenly Chefs". Nanjing Salted Duck is also known as "Guanli Salted Duck" and "Gong Duck", and Osmanthus Salted Duck is well-known at home and abroad. Yangzhou cuisine is one of the four major flavor dishes in my country, represented by steamed anchovies, "three sets of duck", and stewed crab meat and lion's head. Suzhou is also famous for its squirrel mandarin fish, original stuffed shark's fin, and sauce duck. Home-cooked dishes include fried snails, grilled crucian carp with green onions, roasted pork with mustard vegetables, etc. Nanjing people like to eat wild vegetables, such as chrysanthemum brains, malan heads, reeds, hen heads, etc. There are more than 140 snacks, and many seasonal snacks are prepared according to seasonal changes. For example, we eat cake dumplings on the first day of the Lunar New Year, spring rolls on the New Year, Yuanxiao and Qingtuan dumplings on the Yuanxiao Festival, five-spice tea eggs on the Beginning of Summer, mung bean cakes in the summer, moon cakes and pumpkin-roasted glutinous rice on the Mid-Autumn Festival, crab roe buns in September, baked rice cakes in October, and twelfth lunar month. It’s Laba porridge and shredded chicken porridge.

Famous teas include Suzhou Biluochun, Yixing Yangxian tea, Nanjing Yunwu tea, and Yuhua tea. In rural areas, there is heavy bean tea on the shores of Taihu Lake, and "sugar tea" in Nanjing area, which uses boiled water to brew honey or sugar. Eggs beaten with boiling water are called "Dun Tea", while eggs boiled with tea leaves are called "Yuanbao Eggs". There are also many teahouses in various regions. These teahouses are not only places to quench thirst, but also important social occasions. Quite famous is Yangzhou Fuchun Tea House. In addition, there is a theater teahouse, where the audience can drink tea and eat melon seeds while listening to the play. The teahouse also provides tea and light cigarettes to the audience. There are also vendors selling snacks going between the seats. There are also many names for drinking, including "New Year's Festival Wine", "Sanfu Wine", "Yuanxiao Wine", "Dragon Boat Festival Wine", "July Half Wine", "Mid-Autumn Wine", "Chongyang Wine" and "Winter Solstice Wine" ”, “Wedding wine”, “Wedding wine”, “Three Dynasties wine”, “Wine into the house”, “Shaving head wine”, “Full moon wine”, “One-year-old wine”, “Longevity wine”, “Tofu wine” and “Planting rice seedlings” "wine", "harvest wine", "opening wine", "profit wine", "red wine", "apprenticeship wine", "manshi wine", "Jiefeng wine", "farewell wine", "washing wine", "Shuwu wine", "moving wine", "social wine", "party wine" and so on. Clothing and Headgear

Clothing Customs Women in the Suzhou area liked to wear Chinese-style big-breasted or double-breasted shirts in the early days. They were often made of blue and black fabrics from the earth and forest, and wore long black skirts or waist pockets as skirts. I like Baotou. Baotou and waist pockets are very particular. Baotou is usually made of indigo cloth. The sides are edged with floral fabric, and the ends are cornered with white or black cloth. Colorful patterns are embroidered on the Baotou. There are fine pleats on both sides of the waist pocket, the belt is embellished with tassels, and the waist pocket is also embroidered with five-color patterns. Taihu fishermen like to wear double-breasted plaid homespun shirts.

Living customs: The construction process of folk houses is very auspicious. From the selection of land, materials, date, pillars, beams to completion celebrations, all are carried out according to the traditional method of Fanzhu. If you choose a place, ask "Mr. Yin and Yang" to use the Eight Diagrams to determine the location and orientation. On the third day of the first lunar month, people go up the mountain to select the woods that will be used as pillars, wrap the lower part with red paper, and offer sacrifices to the mountain god. When felling, the trees cannot fall directly to the ground, the bark is not peeled off the mountain, and it is strictly forbidden to cross. When raising the beam, choose an auspicious day, post horizontal inscriptions on the beam, and paste couplets on the pillars on both sides. When raising the beam, shout "Go up the beam, good luck", firecrackers will blast, and sing "Song of the beam". After the beam is installed, the steamed buns, red dates, etc. will be placed on the beam. Throw down. After a house is built, some evil-proofing pictures are often painted on the walls and doors, and some even build brick-carved gatehouses engraved with historical stories and plant patterns.

Birth customs during a woman’s pregnancy include traditional experiences in determining the gender of the baby, routines for maternal health care, birthing activities, gift-giving celebrations, baby naming, three dynasty ceremonies, and celebrations of the full moon, 100th day, and one year anniversary. etiquette.

Marriage customs are mainly reflected in the concept of marriage, marriage forms, marriage etiquette and divorce system. The first stage of the marriage process revolves around the families of both men and women, with rituals such as "asking for names", "Naji", "betrothal", and "nazhi". The second stage begins with the "request period", also known as the "sending day", and then "makes the bed", "gets married", "goes to the church" and "makes a living". In the third stage, starting from the second day after the wedding, there are rituals such as "opening the face" and "asking for the red wedding egg". The forms of marriage include purchase-sale marriage, wife-pawn marriage, cousin marriage, exchange marriage, child adoption marriage, finger pulp marriage, ghost marriage, voluntary marriage, etc.

Birthday customs are generally called "birthdays" for those under 60 years old, and "birthdays" for those over 60 years old. Some people think that the age of 25, 29, 33, 36, and 66 is the threshold. On these birthdays, There is some activity. The rules of Jiangsu people are "do nine but don't do ten", "men don't do forty, women don't do thirty". Birthday celebrations can be divided into "warm birthdays" and "zhengshou". A longevity hall should be set up to worship the Queen Mother and the birthday girl. Birthday rituals are more particular. Some even invite monks to do the dojo. After the birthday greetings, the host treats guests to eat noodles and invites an opera troupe. show. Birthdays are usually organized by children. If the elders pass away on their 70th, 80th, 90th or 100th birthday, their children will have to live longer.

Funeral customs include bathing, mortuary, funeral announcement, wake, mourning, family sacrifices, funeral, burial and many other activities. People in Jiangsu believe in the creed of "being laid to rest". Now even if cremation is adopted, they still feel at ease only if they are buried last.

Festival customs during the year The Spring Festival broadly refers to the first to fifteenth day of the first lunar month, and there are celebrations almost every day. The Yuanxiao Festival is also known as the "Shangyuan Festival" or the "Lantern Festival". This festival is decorated with lanterns and decorations. Generally, the 13th day of the first lunar month is "lighting up", the 14th day is "testing lanterns", the 15th day is "maintenance lanterns", and the 18th day is "maintenance lanterns". "Lights down". During this period, every family eats glutinous rice balls. On the Dragon Boat Festival, the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, various kinds of rice dumplings are eaten. There are also "five yellows": yellow croaker, cucumber, eel, salted egg yolk and realgar wine; "five whites": white cut melon, white garlic, white tofu, white chopped chicken and wild rice. . They planted mugwort and calamus and held dragon boat races. On the fifteenth day of the eighth month of the lunar calendar, "Mid-Autumn Festival", every family enjoys the moon and eats moon cakes. On the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, the Double Ninth Festival, people admire chrysanthemums and eat Double Ninth Cake. On New Year's Eve, people worship the Stove Lord, post Spring Festival couplets, and change door gods. On New Year's Eve, they worship ancestors and have New Year's Eve dinner. In addition, there are other folk activities such as the "Zhonghe Festival" to pray for good harvests, the "Qingming Festival" to pay homage to ancestors, the "Buddha Bathing Festival" to give money and give alms, the "Qiqiao Festival" to worship games, and the "Zhongyuan Festival" to pay homage to ancestors. Festival".

Culture and entertainment customs include Kunshan’s Kunqu, Suzhou’s Pingtan, Yangzhou’s Yangju, Wuxi’s Xiju, and Nanjing’s Baiju. Folk literature includes myths, legends, folktales, folk songs, folk songs, proverbs, and riddles. Jiangnan Sizhu originated in Suzhou during the Ming Dynasty.

"Si" refers to silk string instruments, such as Huqin, Yueqin, Pipa, Sanxian, Qinqin, Yangqin, etc. "Bamboo" refers to wind instruments, such as flute, flute, sheng, suona, etc. The music played comes from the custom music in weddings, funerals and gatherings.

Jiangsu customs

Suzhou embroidery has elegant patterns, beautiful colors and fine needlework. Together with Hunan embroidery, Cantonese embroidery and Shu embroidery, it is known as the four famous embroideries in my country. Embroidery flourished in Suzhou. According to legend, Mrs. Zhao, Sun Quan's concubine, could embroider scenes such as the Five Mountains, rivers and seas, cities, and formations on square silk. People at the time called her "Zhenjue". After being passed down from generation to generation, it became an art unique to women. Especially in Guangfu Township, 30 kilometers west of Suzhou City and adjacent to Taihu Lake, women in every rural household are skilled in this art in addition to sericulture. The raw materials for embroidery include satin bottom, ling bottom, gauze bottom, etc., and there are embroidery methods such as velvet, thread, and hair (actually black gauze is often used instead). In recent years, Suzhou Embroidery Factory has created "double-sided embroidery", which has brought the art of Suzhou embroidery to a new peak.

Pottery is a famous handicraft product in southern Jiangsu. Thanks to the working people of past generations using their wisdom, accumulating experience, and constantly inventing and creating, the quality has gradually improved, leaving a glorious page in the history of our country. Dingshu Town, Yixing, Jiangsu Province, the famous pottery capital, produces daily-use craft ceramics with exquisite technology and beautiful shapes. They are like artistic flowers blooming in a hundred flowers, dazzling and cute.

Purple clay teapot is a precious craft product of pottery and has a history of thousands of years. It has long been famous at home and abroad and is known as the "divine product" in the world. The ancients regarded famous hand-made pots as "precious as Yanhuang", "valued more than Liuhuang" and "valuable as doubtful Lin". Looking for a pot of soup is worth more than a priceless treasure.

There are seven main reasons why purple sand teapots are valuable: 1. The tea does not have the smell of bath soup, and the color, fragrance and taste are all contained; 2. When making tea in summer, it will not go rancid the next day; 3. When making tea in winter, it is difficult to pour boiling water into it. Explosion; 4. The teapot has been used for a long time, and the tea leaves are not put in, but the fragrance of tea is still there; 5. The heat transfer is slow, the pot is hot but not hot; 6. The lid of the teapot is tight, and there is no worry of "cap" when pouring tea; 7. The color of the teapot is harmonious It doesn't fade and becomes brighter with longer use. "The beauty of tea is better than sand." The wonderful thing is that purple sand mud has special properties. Purple sand mud is contained in deep rocks and is manually selected after mining, so it is known as "rock in rock" and "mud in mud". The color of the mud is red but not bright, purple but not fancy, yellow but not arrogant, black but not ink. The texture is fine and sandy. After being fired at high temperature, it still has good air permeability. The unique purple sand clay makes teapots, The tea cup has a unique function.

The craftsmanship of making purple clay teapots is very particular. During the long-term labor practice, the pot-making skills created by artists have their own styles. There are thousands of teapots with different shapes and sizes. There are teapots that pay attention to lines, which are antique, fresh and pleasing to the eye, and there are teapots that focus on relief decoration. , diverse, and the art is passed down through pots; there are pictographic teapots full of life interest, lifelike shapes, and the scenery of the pot; there are also teapots that integrate writing, calligraphy, painting, seal cutting and other arts, the characters are passed down with the pot, and the pot is Sui Zigui. The graceful purple sand teapot radiates brilliantly among my country's arts and crafts products.

Clay sculptures are said to have been passed down to Sun Bin, who studied formations and made clay figures of soldiers and horses, and the clay sculptures were handed down. Huishan clay figurines flourished in the Ming and Qing dynasties. The clay in the mountains is fine and has strong plasticity, making it famous both at home and abroad for three to four hundred years.

Every household is good at colorful sculptures and every household makes clay figurines. Huishan clay figurines have a strong mass base. They are based on myths, folklore and the daily life of the people in Jiangnan. They promote justice and oppose evil, and express the wishes, loves and hates of the working people. and yearning for a better life. Many vivid clay sculptures, such as "Huishan Dafu" and "I Love Beijing Tiananmen", have unique artistic styles and are loved by the masses. With an annual output of more than 300 types and 6 million pieces, the products are sold well all over the country and in more than 60 countries and regions around the world. This ancient folk art will shine in the four modern constructions and receives thousands of foreign guests every year. .

When Comrade Guo Moruo went to Wuxi in 1958, he once wrote a poem: "There are no characters from ancient to modern times. They can be seen in a moment. The clothes and clothes vary from generation to generation, but the liver and gallbladder are the same. The fortune is wonderful before the eyes. It is spread outside the city and gathers people." "Hundreds of children and old people offering their magical skills" highly praised the creative spirit of Huishan clay sculpture workers.

Jinling Lantern Festival

It began in the Six Dynasties and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. According to legend, during the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered a lantern festival , to show joy with the people and celebrate peace. The current lantern festival is held in the Confucius Temple area, which lasts for one month, especially on the Lantern Festival night, both sides of the Qinhuai River are like a sea of ??lanterns and people. p>

Spring? Nanjing International Plum Blossom Festival

Plum blossoms are the city flower of Nanjing. Exploring and appreciating plum blossoms has been a custom in Nanjing since the Six Dynasties. It is still popular in Nanjing’s Pearl Spring and Lishui Fujia. There are plum blossom gardens in Bian and Gulin Park, especially Meihua Mountain. From the end of February to mid-March every year, Nanjing holds the International Plum Blossom Festival.

Xiajiangxinzhou Grape Festival

Jiangxinzhou, an island in the Yangtze River in the southwest of Nanjing, has beautiful scenery. From July to August, thousands of acres of vineyards on the island are full of fruits. Visitors can enjoy the scenery of the river and enjoy the natural oxygen bar. Experience the wild joy of picking grapes.

Autumn? Nanjing Yuhua Stone Art Festival

Yuhua Stone is one of the landmarks of Nanjing.

Every September in the golden autumn, Nanjing holds activities such as "Raining Flowers from the Sky" performance, Yuhua Stone Exhibition, and quarrying tours in the Yuhuatai Scenic Area. Liuhe County, the main producing area of ??Yuhua Stone, also held branch activities.

Winter? Listening to bells to welcome the New Year

Nanjing people are happy to welcome the New Year with the sound of bells. The bell-listening activity to welcome the New Year is usually held at the bell tower of Qixia Temple. The temple master chants sutras, prays for peace and wishes the people well, and then the host and guests ring the bell 108 times to welcome the arrival of the New Year.