1. Writing teaching cases by teachers is a way for teachers to constantly reflect on and improve their own teaching, which can make teachers more deeply aware of the key points and difficulties in their work. This process is the process of teachers' self-education and growth.
2. The process of teachers writing teaching cases is a process of mutual transformation between external education theory and internal teaching theory, which can provide rich practical situations for new teachers and in-service teachers, help to integrate theory with practice in teaching, and cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems.
3. Teaching cases are the true and typical records of teachers' teaching behavior, and also the true embodiment of teachers' teaching ideas and thoughts, so they are valuable resources for education and teaching research and an important medium for communication between teachers.
Second, what is a teaching case?
Four kinds of reports:
1. The case is a description of the actual situation. In this case, there are one or more difficult problems, and there may be solutions to these problems.
2. "Teaching cases describe teaching practice. It shows people some stories including the typical behaviors, thoughts and emotions of teachers and students in rich narrative forms. " First, the significance of case writing teaching.
1. Writing teaching cases by teachers is a way for teachers to constantly reflect on and improve their own teaching, which can make teachers more deeply aware of the key points and difficulties in their work. This process is the process of teachers' self-education and growth.
2. The process of teachers writing teaching cases is a process of mutual transformation between external education theory and internal teaching theory, which can provide rich practical situations for new teachers and in-service teachers, help to integrate theory with practice in teaching, and cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems.
3. Teaching cases are the true and typical records of teachers' teaching behavior, and also the true embodiment of teachers' teaching ideas and thoughts, so they are valuable resources for education and teaching research and an important medium for communication between teachers.
Second, what is a teaching case?
Four kinds of reports:
1. The case is a description of the actual situation. In this case, there are one or more difficult problems, and there may be solutions to these problems.
2. "Teaching cases describe teaching practice. It shows people some stories including the typical behaviors, thoughts and emotions of teachers and students in rich narrative forms. "
3. Teaching cases refer to teaching situation stories that contain some decisions or problems, which reflect the typical level of teaching thinking and its maintenance, decline or achievement. The collection of such cases must be completed in the field in advance, and relevant information should be consciously selected from the objectives of teaching task analysis. Here, the researcher's own insight is the key.
4. Teaching cases refer to "narrative teaching practice records written by teachers or researchers and teachers."
There are many typical cases and difficult problems in school education and teaching. Cases can reflect teachers' behaviors, attitudes, thoughts and feelings when dealing with these problems from different angles, and put forward ideas and examples to solve the problems. Teaching cases are descriptions of key points, difficulties, accidental events, meaningful and typical teaching cases, specific teaching behaviors and art, as well as analysis, reflection and summary records of cases. The case not only records the teaching behavior, but also records the thoughts, emotions and inspirations of the accompanying behavior, reflecting the problems, contradictions and puzzles encountered by teachers in teaching activities, as well as the resulting ideas, ideas and countermeasures. It not only has a specific plot and process, but also is real and touching. It also summarizes and generalizes from the height of educational theory, teaching methods and teaching art, and realizes the true meaning of educating and enlightening people. It can be said that a teaching case is a story of a specific teaching situation. While telling this story, people often express their opinions-comments. Therefore, a good case is a vivid and true story with wonderful comments.
Third, the characteristics of teaching cases
Differences between cases and papers
From the perspective of style and expression, the paper aims at reasoning and focuses on discussion; The case is for the purpose of recording, mainly narrative, with discussion and explanation. In other words, a case is a story, but the truth should be explained through the story.
From the perspective of thinking mode and thinking mode, thesis writing is generally a deductive thinking, and the thinking mode is from abstract to concrete; Case writing is a kind of inductive thinking, and the way of thinking is from concrete to abstract.
2. The difference between case and teaching plan, teaching design and teaching record.
Teaching plan and teaching design are pre-conceived teaching ideas, which are brief descriptions of teaching measures to be implemented; Teaching cases are the reflection of the teaching process that has happened. One is written before teaching and the other is written after teaching; One is expectation, and the other is result.
Cases and teaching records are similar in style, both of which describe teaching scenes, but teaching records are recorded if you hear something, and cases are selective.
Fourth, the general elements of teaching cases
1. Background
The so-called background is to explain clearly to the reader: the time, place, characters and causes of the "story". The background introduction is not necessarily comprehensive, but it is important to explain whether there are special reasons and conditions for the occurrence of the "story". Background is a very important part of the case, which describes the general scene of the incident and provides readers with useful background information, such as school situation, personal work background, the cause of the incident and so on.
2. Theme
Each case should have a distinct theme, that is, whether a problem to be explained in this case reflects the understanding, understanding and practice of a new concept, or how the role of teachers changes, the way of teaching and learning changes, or how to grasp and deal with the key points and difficulties of new textbooks, etc.
3. Details
With the theme, it is necessary to screen the original materials, choose the specific content that best reflects the theme, and write the key details clearly. Pay special attention to the psychology of the characters. Because the behavior of the characters is the superficial phenomenon of the story, the psychology of the characters is the internal basis of the story development. Faced with the same situation, different teachers may have different ways to deal with it. Why are there different methods? What is the internal logic of these teaching behaviors? What do the coaches think? Revealing these can make readers know both why and why. In this link, it is necessary to explain how and what the problem is, and the problem can be intertwined with factual materials. This is the main body of the whole case, which should be described in detail, showing the process and steps of solving the problem and the repeated setbacks in solving the problem, and can also involve the description of the initial solution effect of the problem.
4. Results
The case should not only explain the teaching idea and describe the teaching process, but also explain the teaching result-the immediate effect of a teaching measure, including students' reaction and teachers' feelings, which problems have been solved, which problems have not been solved, what regrets, plans and assumptions are there. Taking "problems" as the main line, there are contradictions, conflicts and even "suspense", which can arouse readers' interest and in-depth thinking.
Step 5 comment
Comment is a discussion on the basis of narration, which shows the views and analysis of the theme and content reflected in the case, thus further revealing the significance and value of the incident. Evaluation can be self-evaluation, practical and emotional, and it can also be commented and deepened by experts. Through the description of the background, problems and solutions, this paper reflects on its own educational and teaching behavior and summarizes its advantages and disadvantages and enlightenment.
Characteristics and writing requirements of teaching cases of verbs (abbreviation of verb)
1. Teachers should write teaching experiences or stories that they think are of great significance, that is, they should be selective and typical, instead of listing all the details, and they should choose around the central issues. It doesn't mean that all events can be cases, but we should be good at capturing the "highlights" in the teaching process.
2. The case should be written according to the past experience, and the authenticity of the information in the case should be kept as much as possible, so that readers can feel immersive. You can go to the subject of the case, that is, the students, ask and investigate their true feelings.
3. Teaching cases are different from other teaching works.
Compared with teaching papers, teaching cases aim at recording styles and expressions, and are mainly narrative, with discussion and explanation; In the way of thinking, it is a process from concrete to abstract. Through the description of vivid teaching "stories" and the psychological feelings of specific students and teachers, the advantages and disadvantages of teaching are reflected and summarized.
Compared with lesson plans and teaching design, teaching cases are teachers' reactions to the teaching process after class, and the results are written. Teaching plan and teaching design are the "blueprints" for teachers to implement the teaching process before class.
Compared with teaching records, teaching records are a complete description of the teaching process, while teaching cases are selective descriptions, records and comments on teaching situations.
4. The teaching cases written should be valuable.
Through the description and reflection of the teaching situation, we can not only improve the professional level of our teaching work, but also provide effective ways for other teachers to share teaching experience and strengthen communication.
Definition: A case is a description of the actual situation, which includes one or more difficult problems, and can also include solutions to these problems; The teaching practice of teaching case description shows people some stories containing typical behaviors, thoughts and emotions of teachers and students in rich narrative forms; An educational case is a story of an educational situation. People often express their opinions, that is, comments, while telling stories. So a good case is a vivid story and wonderful comments.
Function: Case events emerge one after another in teachers' teaching career. There will be some unforgettable examples from entering the school gate in the morning to leaving the school at night. These events or cases may be expressed in the form of cases, and the process of teachers turning events into cases is the process of re-understanding this case and sorting out their own thinking. Its functions are as follows: ① Case study (writing) provides teachers with the opportunity to record their own educational and teaching experience; (2) Case study (writing) may make teachers more deeply aware of the key points and difficulties in their work; (3) Case study (writing) can encourage teachers to reflect on their own behavior and improve the professional level of teaching; ④ Case study (writing) provides an effective way for teachers to share experiences and strengthen communication.
Features: ① Authenticity-the case must be a real event; (2) Difficulty-The events included in the case include problems or difficult situations; (3) typicality-the case must be a story with special and typical case problems; (4) concentration-the case must present the problem from multiple angles and provide sufficient information; ⑤ Inspirational-the case must be studied, which can arouse discussion and provide analysis and reflection.
Differences: differences between teaching cases, teaching designs, teaching records and teaching narratives: ① teaching cases and teaching plans: teaching plans (teaching designs) are pre-conceived educational and teaching ideas, a brief explanation of educational measures to be implemented and a reflection of teaching expectations; Teaching case is a description of the education and teaching process that has happened and reflects the teaching results. (2) Teaching cases and teaching records: They are also descriptions of education and teaching situations, but teaching records are based on facts (judgment of facts), and teaching cases must have the author's reflection (value judgment) when selecting content according to purpose and function. ③ The connection and difference between teaching case and narrative research: in the sense of "situational story", educational narrative research report is also an "educational case", but "teaching case" refers to a teaching narrative that is typical, contains difficult problems, is described from multiple angles and is reflected (or commented by the author); Teaching cases must start from the goal of teaching task analysis, consciously select relevant materials, and do field work well in advance. Therefore, the daily education narrative log can be used as the material for writing teaching cases to accumulate. Educational narration involves a wide range of contents, including research statistics. Teachers' reflective narrative research involves reading feelings, social problems, students' education problems, macro-education, real life, educational ideas, teaching models and so on. And the stories described in teaching cases should be mainly located in teaching research, including teaching ideas, teaching models, teaching strategies, teaching skills and so on. And their case problems focus on teaching, teaching methods, cognitive level and teaching skills.
Example:
Talking from Bole and Maxima —— A Case Study of Individualized Reading Teaching in Ma Shuo
Case background
Ma Shuo is an allegorical essay. Based on the story of Bole's ringing horse, this paper puts forward the view that "there are not many Bole", satirizes the ignorance of feudal rulers who don't know, value and cherish talents, and expresses the author's strong indignation at "Bole is not common" and talents are not common.
After a lesson, most students have mastered the usage and sentence structure of notional words and function words in classical Chinese, dredged the meaning of the text and understood the implication of the article.
However, I think that reading this article should not only pay attention to the common ideas presented in the article, but also be good at mobilizing students' divergent thinking, opening up a broader field of thought from a brand-new angle, and gaining their own personalized feelings, so as to realize more reading pleasure. Therefore, I took part in an expanding class of "Ma Shuo" and asked the students to talk about "Bole" and "Maxima".
Case description
Teacher: Students, we studied Ma Shuo together last class. Now I ask you to recite the text together.
Most students can recite the full text accurately. )
Ok, now please review the moral of this article.
(the student answers. Last class summed it up, and the answer was unified. )
I believe that students will have a lot of feelings after reading this article, so please enter a new field of thought from a new angle and get a new reading experience! Ok, let's start with "Maxima" and "Bole".
"Maxima" is a metaphor for talents, and "Bole" is a metaphor for people who are good at identifying talents. Can students mobilize your accumulation and tell you about Bole and Maxima?
(Students discuss)
Students speak:
XXX: In Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Liu Bei visited the cottage and invited Zhuge Liang to come out of the mountain in Longzhong, which is the story of Bole and Maxima.
XXX: Xiao He chased Han Xin under the moon.
Teacher: Very good! The two students are talking about the lucky "swift horse". They met Bole and showed their talents. So, can every "swift horse" meet "Bole"? If you think you are a "swift horse", but you have never met a "Bole" with unique vision, what will you do?
Students discuss, teachers participate, please choose one student from each group to answer and summarize the opinions of each group. )
Teacher: As modern people, students will no longer be buried in the tragedy of being humiliated by slaves and dying in a ditch like a swift horse. Without Bole, you will not wait for opportunities, but will display your talents, create opportunities and volunteer.
However, as the saying goes, "Opportunities only belong to those who are prepared". You must be a real talent to finally get the favor of opportunities. Are you a genius? Now, let the students talk about "what qualities a talent should have" based on the classical Chinese we have learned, quoting classics.
(Students think and discuss, and teachers participate in the guidance)
Students speak:
XXX: I learned from a fool moving mountains that talents should have perseverance and perseverance.
XXX: Ailian said that talents should have the noble quality of "lotus".
XXX: In Bian Que meets Cai Huangong, the talented Bian Que did not try his best to overcome the difficulties, but chose the road of "escaping from Qin", which is wrong. As a talent, he should be good at playing his role.
Teacher: Yes, a real person should be a noble person, a strong-willed person and a knowledgeable person. Talents need their own experience and Bole's achievements. Students once again speak freely and talk about what problems should be paid attention to in selecting talents in Bole.
(Students discuss. )
Students speak:
XXX: There should be different standards to measure talents.
XXX: "Bole" should select talents from multiple angles and levels.
XXX: "Bole" should keep its eyes open and select real talents.
Teacher: OK! From the students' speeches, the teacher felt your keen thinking and your concern for Bole and Maxima. "Talent" is the eternal theme, and the stories of "Bole" and "Maxima" will be handed down from generation to generation, and more and more wonderful plays will be staged.
Today, our discussion is here. I believe that today's expansion class must have gained a brand-new reading comprehension and more reading pleasure. Please try to understand the article with new eyes and new thinking in future reading, and you will gain a lot.
Case reflection
It can be said that this is a practical course to guide students to carry out personalized reading. In this class, most students can use their brains according to the teacher's questions, mobilize their accumulation, think positively and speak enthusiastically. The classroom atmosphere is active.
I think that in the future teaching process, students should be encouraged to read articles like today, not just to study the common ideas of articles, but to broaden their thinking, connect with life, and have their own unique opinions and personalized feelings.
I will continue this personalized reading instruction class, respect students' personalized thinking, and seriously capture students' flash and spark of innovation.
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