Original Seedling Breeding
1.1 Material Selection
The red-colored strawberry plants with vigorous growth, no infestation of pests and diseases, intact pollen, neat fruit shape, high single-plant yield, and maintaining the characteristics of the original varieties were screened in the field.
1.2 Detoxification method and in vitro tissue culture
After detoxification by heat treatment, the tip of the stolon (0.5-1.0mm) or the tip of the meristematic tissue (0.2mm) of Strawberry Redrock was taken for tissue culture.
1.3 Virus detection
Virus removal was detected by leaflet grafting of indicator plants and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA).
1.4 Propagation of original detoxified seedlings
To increase the number of original seedlings of strawberry detoxified in vitro seedlings, the original seeds of strawberry detoxified in vitro seedlings were isolated and propagated in net chambers.
Primary seedling propagation
2.1 Net chamber nursery
Propagation of strawberry detoxified primary seedlings was carried out in segregated net nursery. Before planting, apply 2.5~3.5t/667m2 of rotted organic fertilizer and 20kg of compound fertilizer. turn the land over and level it. Side box width of 1.2m, side ditch width and depth of 30cm × 25cm, planting a row in the center of the box surface, plant spacing 60-80cm, set drip irrigation facilities along the center of the box surface. After planting, inject enough water to fix the root system.
2.2 Seedling management
Drought should be timely use of furrow irrigation, so that the relative water content of the soil on the surface of the furrow is maintained at about 75%, and timely weeding. Spray pesticides in time to control anthracnose, powdery mildew, mites, aphids and other pests and diseases (see 3.2.3). In general, apply high nitrogen compound fertilizer rich in humic acid to the mother plant every 7-15d. At the same time to ensure that more than 5 functional leaves, so that the seedlings become good mother plants.
Production and nursery
3.1 Nursery site selection and preparation
Select the soil with loose soil, high organic matter content, fertile soil, and convenient drainage and irrigation as propagation sites; eggplant and fruit and vegetables are planted on previous stubble, and there is a ****-born disease, which cannot be used as a strawberry nursery. In the case of contiguous plots, the soil must be thoroughly sterilized before the nursery. After selecting a nursery, plough the soil y and remove all debris, and apply sufficient basal fertilizer. Per 667m~2 apply 5~6T of rotted farmyard fertilizer or 2~3T of rotted organic fertilizer, 20kg of N, P, K compound fertilizer, 100kg of bitter tea powder (bitter tea powder contains 12%~18% of tea saponin, which has a good stomach poisoning and poisoning effect on underground shellfish pests, and it can also be used as an organic basal fertilizer), plough y for 25~30cm, trimming the side of the box is 1.6m wide, the ditch is 40cm wide, the ditch is 30~35cm deep, and the length depends on the plot. 35cm, the length depends on the plot.
3.2 Nursery management
3.2.1 Red-colored strawberry mother plant planting and plant management
3.2.1.1 Seedling mother plant selection and sowing time
Red-colored strawberry seedling (mother plant) sowing in the first half of March, with more than 5 normal leaf blades and fresh green leaves, stem thickness of more than 1.2cm, thick petiole, well-developed roots, and white or milky-white roots. milky white, single plant fresh weight of 25 grams or more.
3.2.1.2 Planting method
Plant one row in the center of the edge, with a spacing of about 50cm, and the arch back of the strawberry mother plant facing the center line of the edge; or plant two rows (with a spacing of 1.2m) in the border, with a spacing of 80cm and a distance of 20cm from the border, and the strawberry mother plant facing the border.
3.2.1.3 Factory management
The old and dead leaves of red-colored strawberry mother plants and stolon seedlings should be removed in time, and the stolons should be evenly distributed on the surface of the nursery box. The section of the stolon seedlings should be pressed into the box with a strawberry seedling fork or mud * to facilitate the early rooting of the seedlings. stolon seedlings formed in mid to late August have fewer roots and are of poor quality. At this time, diseased seedlings are removed to ensure robust growth and development. The reproduction coefficient of the mother plant is about 50, and the yield of live seedlings is 35,000 to 45,000/667m2.
3.2.2 Fertilizer and water management
After planting the red strawberry mother plant, a sufficient amount of rooting water should be poured in time and drip irrigation facilities should be set up along the direction of the mother plant. Stolons generally begin to germinate in mid to late April. At this time to strengthen the fertilizer management, timely cultivation and weeding, keep the soil loose and moist, in order to facilitate the growth of stolon seedlings. 6 ~ July, in the stolon large number of seedlings during the period of time, every 15d or so with drip irrigation facilities to the mother plant and seedlings fertilization, and the application of 20kg of liquid fertilizer (n22, p16, every 667m2 application of humic acid-rich (25%) of the k17 and the appropriate amount of amino acid composite foliar fertilizer, to promote the growth of seedlings. Promote strong seedlings.
If the soil on the surface of the seedling room is too dry, the surface of the seedling room can be soaked through the seedling room ditch using diffuse irrigation; timely flood control and drainage on rainy days. In early August (the early stage of flower bud differentiation), foliar spraying 0.2% to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 to 2 times, and control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and soil moisture, to prevent vigorous growth of seedlings, affecting flower bud differentiation.
3.2.3 Seedling pests and diseases control
The main pests and diseases of red strawberry seedling are anthracnose, powdery mildew, leaf spot disease, green blight, hornblotch, mites, aphids, whiteflies and so on.
3.2.3.1 Anthrax
High temperature, high humidity, and wounds are easy to be infected with anthrax. The onset of the temperature to 28 ~ 32 ℃ for the appropriate ℃. Control methods: ① Agricultural control. Avoid nursery crop, try to implement crop rotation (drought and water crop rotation) or lime nitrogen soil disinfection; diseased leaves, diseased stems, dead leaves, old leaves, diseased plants should be removed and destroyed in a timely manner; timely flood control and drainage, reduce soil moisture. ② Chemical control. About 1 week before sowing, spray 25% bromine 800 to 1000 times liquid or 20% Saijuntong (500 grams) 1 time in the seedbed. From the planting of mother plant to the early stage of stolon emergence, use Antaisan (70% propranolol) 500-700 times and Amitriptyline (25% Creosotexin) 1200-1500 times alternately at 7-10d intervals; in the period of massive emergence of stolons, use 50% Misomicin Manganese Salt 600-800 times, Shi Gao (10% phenyl ether metacyclonidazole) 1500-2000 times, and Kairun (25%) pyrrolizidine) 1000-1500 times solution, and Bacta (60% imidazole). Use 1000-1500 times solution and other fungicides alternately, with an interval of 5-7d.
3.2.3.2 Powdery mildew
It is a common disease in strawberry planting areas. The onset of the temperature to 25 ~ 30 ℃ for the appropriate ℃ . When high temperature and drought alternates with high temperature and high humidity, and the source of powdery mildew exists in large quantities, it is easy to epidemic.
Control methods: ① Agricultural control. Strawberry slow seedling planting, timely removal of old leaves, residual leaves and diseased leaves, centralized destruction; timely drainage after rain. ② chemical control. Early growth with 80% diclofenac manganese zinc wettable powder 800 times, Tsui Bei (50% pyrimethanil) 3000 times; in the middle and late strawberry stolon growth, with 2000 times 12.5% mikrobutanol emulsifiable concentrate and 750 to 1000 times 25% ethyl ether phenol sulfonate alternately applied at intervals of 7 to 10 days.
3.2.3.3 Leaf spot, leaf blight, leaf scorch
We can refer to the prevention and control of anthracnose.
3.2.3.1 Cyanosis
Disinfect with 20% Lungwort 500 times solution before transplanting; at the early stage of the disease, water with 600-800 times solution for 2-3 times with an interval of 7-10d; or remove the infected plants directly.
3.2.3.5 Angular spot disease
Control with 20% Lobelia 600～800 times solution.
3.2.3.6 Mites (red spider, yellow spider, cyclamen mite) occur seriously under high temperature and low humidity (optimum temperature is 25-30℃) ℃ relative humidity is 35% to 55%. Control methods: ① Agricultural control. Old and diseased leaves should be removed in a timely manner to reduce the spread of insect sources, and timely watering to avoid drought. ② Biological control. Predatory mites are used to eliminate harmful mites. ③ Chemical control. At the early stage of the disease, 43% diphenylhydrazine (acari) 2,000 to 3,000 times liquid, 34% spirodiclofen (acari) 3,000 to 4,000 times liquid and 5% avidarben EC 1,000 to 1,500 times liquid were sprayed alternately 2 to 3 times, with an interval of 7 to 10 days.
3.2.3.7 Aphids and whiteflies
Control methods: ① Agricultural control. Remove old and diseased leaves in time; hang a yellow board to set traps. ②Chemical control. 5% abamectin emulsion 1500 to 2000 times, 10% flutamide WG 2500 to 4000 times, 0.3% bittersweet water 500 to 700 times, 3% acetamiprid emulsion 1000 to 1500 times, alternately used 3 to 4 times, an interval of 7 to 10 days.