1. Characteristics of Feeding

A 2-year-old baby should gradually increase the variety of food to adapt to a wider range of food. Adequate iodine-containing foods such as kelp and nori should be consumed. Iodine is a necessary element for the manufacture of thyroxine, which regulates the body's metabolism and promotes the function and development of the nervous system. Two-year-old baby, milk teeth just come out or not completely out, chewing function is still very weak, according to China's infant and young child nutrition experts, 6 years old when the efficiency of chewing only reached 40% of adults, 10 years old, up to 75%. Therefore, in the production of young children's meals and a variety of meat, vegetables, etc., are to be finely chopped, Ting rotten is easy for young children to chew.

2. Meal types and production

The main feature of early childhood meals is that from infancy to dairy-based, food as a supplement, to food-based, dairy as a supplement. The cooking methods and foods used in the meals are also getting closer and closer to the general family meals. However, this change should be compatible with the gradual improvement of young children's digestive and metabolic functions, and should not be rushed, so as not to cause digestive and absorption disorders.

The diet of young children must have enough calories and various nutrients. Various nutrients should be balanced relationship. Protein, fat and carbohydrate supply ratio of 1:1.2:4, can not be out of balance. Such as weaning only give young children white porridge or white rice pickle soup, the protein fat supply is insufficient, growth and development growth retardation, resistance to disease is also low; such as only pay attention to more supply of young children eggs, milk, meat and high protein food, carbohydrate supply is insufficient, often can not guarantee the energy needs. Some young children rarely eat vegetables, fruits, will cause calcium, iron and other minerals and vitamin deficiencies. In short, weaning young children, in the care of the digestive capacity of the premise, the composition of the diet should be sufficient quantity, high quality, variety, nutrition.

3. Develop a correct meal plan

In order to meet the physiological needs of young children, we must ensure that the diet has enough calories and a variety of nutrients, and at the same time, the ratio of the various nutrients should be in line with the physiological needs of the supply of a balanced diet. On the other hand, it should be reasonable cooking, reasonable development of meal planning.

Meal planning should take into account three aspects:

Selecting the types and quantities of food needed daily according to the needs of nutrients, as well as the correct proportionality between them.

Rational planning of meals.

Sound and rational meal systems.

The types and quantities of food are planned according to the characteristics of the digestive function of young children and according to the actual situation, local supply, and eating habits.

The types of food for planned meals include the following four categories.

Grains are the main source of caloric energy and provide a variety of vitamins and inorganic salts.

Meat and legumes, meat foods and legumes provide high quality protein. It is also a source of inorganic salts and some fat-soluble vitamins.

Vegetables and fruits are the main source of vitamins and inorganic salts, but also the material basis of the body's acid-base balance, but also for fiber, which is conducive to the discharge of metabolic waste.

Fats and oils are mainly used for cooking. It can increase the flavor of the food and supply part of the heat energy and essential fatty acids, and promote the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.

Reasonable dietary regimes include reasonable meal schedules, number of meals, and distribution of calories at each meal to ensure healthy development of the digestive system.

Problems to be noted when preparing meals for young children

The early childhood period is still in the period of growth and development, due to the increase in activity compared to infancy, it is still necessary to supply nutritious food to meet the needs of physiological functions. Therefore, the allocation of young children's diet should pay attention to the following aspects of the problem:

To pay attention to the supply of young children enough nutrients to ensure that the child's normal growth and development needs.

To pay attention to the rational mix of food. The ratio of the three major dietary nutrients (protein, fat, sugar) should be 1:4:5.

Protein, fat, sugar for caloric energy accounted for 12% to 15%, 20% to 30%, 60% to 70% of the total caloric energy. The proportion of high-quality protein (animal protein, bean protein) in the diet accounts for 1/3 to 1/2 of the total protein.

The distribution of calories in each meal should be reasonable, with breakfast accounting for 20% to 25% of the total calories in a day, lunch accounting for 30% to 35%, dinner accounting for 20% to 25%, and lunch accounting for 10% to 15%.

Food should be processed and cooked to minimize the loss of nutrients.

Food requirements for children's physiological characteristics and psychological requirements, to achieve diversified, beautiful shape, color coordination, taste delicious, aroma. Pay attention to dietary hygiene.

4. Cooking food should pay attention to

The purpose of dietary equipment is to improve the form of food, enhance appetite, and promote digestion and absorption. As young children's digestive ability is still poor, attention should be paid to the selection of less fibrous food, food requirements soft, easy to chew, easy to digest. No need to use stimulating food, food should be less bone, no thorns, vegetables should be chopped or chopped into puree. Cooking should pay attention to color, aroma, taste and diversity.

Children's bodies are in a constant growth and development stage, the metabolism is vigorous, the need for nutrients is also more, coupled with the digestive function is not yet sound, so the cooking methods and techniques are quite important, careful cooking can promote the appetite of young children to meet the nutritional needs to ensure that the children's healthy growth.

5. Appropriate dietary cooking methods

Food through appropriate processing and cooking can increase the color, aroma and taste of food, improve the digestion, absorption and utilization of various nutrients in food. For the characteristics of young children's digestive function, often used cooking methods are the following six.

Steaming

Making dishes to save time, and to maintain the original flavor and reduce the loss of nutrients. It also maintains the original form of the raw materials.

Stewing, simmering

Often in the soup and add ingredients at a time to add a good, midway no longer add soup. Can maintain the original flavor, the production of food flavor, elegant, soft and crispy, fresh and tasty.

Flesh

such as cucumber stuffed meat, gourd stuffed meat, flesh winter melon cup. This method of production is delicate, pay attention to the appearance of the dishes made of beautiful and chic, meat and vegetables, taste delicious.

Slip

such as tofu meatballs, potato meatballs and so on. The food is sliced, diced, shredded and so on. After the oil or water hot cooked and then slip, with a high fire quickly into the dishes can maintain the crisp, soft, tender.

Burning

Red burning, soup burning, dishes taste fresh, salty, slightly sweet, red color.

Blanching

is a cooking method of cooking soup or soup with vegetables.

6. balanced diet

Matching between staple foods

The amino acid ratio of proteins present in different foods and the human body needs different degrees of difference, in terms of food, the bioavailability of protein is low, but will be two or more than two kinds of bioavailability of food mix, the amino acids contained in them can be supplemented by each other to improve the amino acid score, make its bioavailability. Amino acid scores, so that its bioavailability has a relatively large increase. For example, when corn, millet and soybean are eaten alone, their bioavailability is 60%, 57% and 64% respectively; if they are mixed at a ratio of 23%, 25% and 52%, their bioavailability can be increased to 73%. From the perspective of improving the amino acid score for food matching, is also one of the ways to increase protein absorption. Such as methionine-rich and lysine content of corn, wheat, and lysine-rich and methionine content of soybean and other food mix, can play a complementary role of protein to increase the bioavailability of protein.

The mixing of grains and cereals can give full play to the complementary role of proteins, so that the human body can obtain richer and more comprehensive nutrition. From a nutritional point of view, we advocate the consumption of a variety of porridges, such as mung bean porridge, red bean porridge, eight treasures porridge, maize porridge, in addition to the two combined noodles, bean buns, gold and silver rolls are good staple food with the method.

Matching between staple foods and side dishes

Matching between staple foods and side dishes can also improve the bioavailability of protein, such as wheat, millet and beef at 39%, 13%, 22% of the proportion of mixed food, its protein utilization can be increased to 89%, thus exceeding the bioavailability of protein of any one of these foods. The further apart the nature of the foods, the greater the difference in their amino acid composition, the more pronounced the complementary effect of amino acids and the more significant the increase in their bioavailability. In addition, the greater the variety of foods consumed at the same time, the more significant the complementary effect. According to data reports, the Japanese have more than 30 types of food per day, which is a clear indication of the importance they place on nutrition.

If we do not take into account the use of food with the use of food, it will make more by the food provided by the protein to become metabolites, through the kidneys, intestinal discharge, and did not play a proper nutritional role, but only increased the metabolic burden of the liver and kidneys, the body's health is very unfavorable.

Coarse and fine match

Cereal from harvest to consumption, need to go through a certain process, the purpose is to be properly milled, remove impurities and part of the grain skin, in order to adapt to the human body's digestive and absorptive functions. The grain embryo and the surface layer of the grain contains more nutrients, too much to increase the degree of grinding, precision processing of cereals, will cause the loss of a large number of nutrients, the health of the body is not favorable. Most of the nutrients such as vitamins, minerals and dietary fiber contained in cereals are removed as coarse bran, thus greatly reducing the nutrient content. Conclusive evidence suggests that prolonged consumption of refined rice, which loses much of its vitamins in milling, can lead to beriberi. And processing is too rough, it affects the sensory properties of food, digestion and absorption rate will also be affected to some extent, weighing the pros and cons of various, combined with individual differences in adaptability and nutritional needs, we have different requirements for the processing of cereals with a different rate of flour, and so the formation of a staple food category of coarse and fine food, brown rice and wheat, respectively, milled white rice and flour degree of processing, taking into account the economic and nutritional aspects of the two factors, processing Retained more paste powder layer and grain embryo, although the taste is not as refined white rice and rich powder, but its vitamin and inorganic salt content increased, and digestibility is better than brown rice and whole wheat flour. Deeper processed grains, with their hulls and impurities removed more thoroughly, give a delicate and lubricious taste, and are easily digested and absorbed by the body. The combination of foods with different processing depths will give the human body the advantages of both types of food, which is conducive to the growth and development of children.

In recent years, dietary fiber has been listed as one of the seven human nutrients, which includes cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectin and other substances, is a part of the plant cell wall, the appropriate amount of processing of grains will make the cellulose to maintain a certain proportion of the staple food, cellulose can not be digested and absorbed by the human body, but it can stimulate gastrointestinal peristalsis to reduce the occurrence of constipation. Coarse grains, miscellaneous grains, beans, vegetables, fruits, etc. are rich in dietary fiber and should be taken into account. Crude fiber food can exercise the chewing function of young children, from childhood to develop a good dietary habits of chewing and swallowing; at the same time, fiber-rich food, not easy to adhere to the surface of the teeth, thus reducing the corrosive effect of food debris on the tooth surface, you can achieve the purpose of preventing dental caries, from childhood to develop a coarse and fine with the dietary habits and continue throughout life, which is for the effective prevention of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, colon cancer and other diseases It is very useful to see that the health of a lifetime depends on the establishment of good eating habits in childhood.

7. Recipe arrangement

Toddlers should eat more high-quality proteins and lipids

Fish

contains globulin, albumin and phosphorus-containing nucleoproteins, but also contains a variety of amino acids necessary for the development of children, the ratio of its children and the need for children is very similar to the amount of easy to digest, and rich in unsaturated fatty acids and calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamin B2, which contributes to the development of children's brain marrow. The company's website is a great source of information about the company's products and services, and the company's website.

Milk

Milk contains 5% lactose, which plays an important role in the formation of brain marrow and nerves.

Animal organs (including heart, brain, liver and kidney)

are rich in high-quality proteins and lipids, which is an excellent food for children's brain marrow development.

Soybeans and soy products

The soy protein they contain is a high-quality plant protein. Soybeans are rich in fatty acids and phospholipids, which have a high nutritional value. 500 grams of soybeans contain 2855 mg of phosphorus, which is very beneficial to the cerebral nerves and helps children's brain marrow development.

Eggs

Nutritionists call eggs "complete protein model", containing egg albumin and yolk phosphoprotein. The yolk contains a large amount of lipids that are phospholipids, which are easy to digest and are good for brain and medulla development.

Sheep's milk

This is an excellent complete protein food, sheep's milk in the indigestible casein than cow's milk is low, the fat globules are small and uniform, is conducive to the body's absorption, and its calcium content of human milk 5 times more than cow's milk, 15% more than cow's milk.

In addition to eating the above foods, you should also ensure that a certain amount of carbohydrate food. In addition, a variety of vitamins and minerals rich in vegetables, fruits and babies should also eat more.

In the meal preparation, should be clean, fresh, hygienic, pay attention to the color, aroma, taste, both main and side dishes, sparse and dry collocation, pattern update. The following are examples of one-day recipes for young children:

Total amount of food for three days

225 grams of milk to 450 grams, 1 egg, 25 grams of lean meat to 50 grams, 100 grams of vegetables to 200 grams, 150 grams of grain to 250 grams, 1 fruit, cookies, pastries or snacks, and a fixed amount of oil for cooking.

Arrangement of one day's recipes

Breakfast: egg porridge (50 grams of grain, 1 egg).

9:30 a.m.: 250 grams of milk.

Lunch: noodle soup with minced meat and minced vegetables (25 grams of lean meat, 50 grams of vegetables, 50 grams of noodles).

3 p.m.: boiled carrot water (100 grams of carrots), a few slices of cookies or bread (snacks).

5 p.m.: 50 grams of vegetable porridge (a little bone broth, 25 grams of carrots, 25 grams of spinach).

8 p.m.: 250 grams of milk.

For young children after the age of two, the porridge can be changed to rotten rice and increase the amount of food; pasta can be changed to steamed buns, small buns and increase the amount of food; it can be changed to five meals, and the milk at 8 p.m. can be reduced; soy milk or soybean products can be added within the meal.

8. Breakfast arrangement method

For the baby in the growth and development period, breakfast must be "full, eat well". Now, many parents tend to be in a hurry in the morning, it is too late to prepare breakfast for the baby seriously, or because of the lack of nutritional knowledge, will not be for the baby scientific arrangement of breakfast.

Because the baby's stomach capacity is limited, the morning activity is relatively large, so the morning meal is particularly important. Baby breakfast to eat enough to eat well, not that the more you eat the better, not that eat the more upscale, the more fine the better, but should be scientifically collocation.

According to nutrition experts, a scientific baby breakfast should be composed of three parts, protein, fat and carbohydrates. For example: now the most common baby breakfast is milk and eggs, steamed buns with pickles or doughnuts with soy milk, etc., so it seems to be full and eat well, in fact, there are also unscientific places, nutrition is not balanced.

For example, just drink milk and eggs is not enough, here already have fat and protein, but the lack of carbohydrates, i.e., starchy foods to provide calories, if in addition to milk and eggs, and then eat a few slices of bread on the nutritional full. Doughnuts with soy milk for breakfast lack of protein, should add an egg. Only eat steamed buns savory breakfast is even more unscientific, it would be better to do an egg under the noodles better.

In short, parents must pay attention to the scientific arrangement of the baby's breakfast, if the baby's breakfast is not good to eat, nutrition and calorie deficiencies, long-term will affect the baby's physical development and mental outlook.

9. Snack selection method

Snacks are all snacks outside of the main meal, is the baby like to eat small food, baby snacks can increase the fun of life, but also physiological needs. The baby's stomach capacity is very small, and the metabolism is vigorous, each meal will soon be digested, so snacks can be supplemented to the main meal. However, improper choice of snacks or eat too much, often affecting the regular meals, disrupting the normal pattern of the digestive system, causing digestive disorders and nutritional imbalance, affecting the baby's physical health. Only timely, appropriate, appropriate amount, reasonable choice of snacks, in order to play a beneficial role in the growth and development of the baby.

Master the time of snacking. You can give your baby some snacks or fruits between lunch and dinner every day. But the amount should not be too much, about 10% to 15% of the total calorie supply. An hour before the meal is not easy to let the baby eat snacks, especially sweets, or easy caries.

The main meal is the main, snacks as a supplement. Snacks can choose all kinds of fruit, whole wheat cookies, bread, etc., but the amount should be less, the quality should be fine, and the pattern should be changed frequently.

Too sweet, greasy pastries, candies, canned fruits and chocolates are not easy to be used as snacks for babies. Because of their high sugar content, grease, not easy to be digested by the baby, and often eat easy to cause obesity. Cold drinks and sodas should not be used as snacks, not to let the baby eat more, so as not to cause digestive disorders.

Can be used for the baby's growth and development, choose fortified food as a baby snacks, such as calcium deficiency of the baby can choose calcium cookies; iron deficiency, plus blood sugar; zinc, copper deficiency can be used for zinc, copper content of high food. But the choice of fortified food to be careful, it is best to do under the guidance of a doctor, otherwise a short period of time a large number of eating a certain fortified food may cause poisoning.

Snacking must be planned and controlled. Parents can not use snacks to tease the baby, can not baby like what will give what to buy, do not develop a baby endless snacking bad habits.