It is the root of Scrophulariaceae perennial herb Scrophulariaceae, mainly produced in Zhejiang, Sichuan and Hubei.

Alias Yuanshen, Zhexuanshen, Black Ginseng and Wuyuanshen. 　

Plant morphology perennial herbs. Roots are long cylindrical or spindle-shaped. Stems with four edges and furrows. The lower leaves are opposite, and the upper leaves are alternate, oval to lanceolate, long10 ~15 cm, with fine saw teeth at the edge, the tooth edge is rolled back, bony and sharp. Thymus is large and scattered, with glandular hairs on its axis; Calyx 5-lobed, lobe margin diaphragm; Corolla brownish purple, upper lip longer than lower lip; Staminodes are nearly round. Capsule ovoid. The flowering period is from July to August, and the fruiting period is from August to September. Born in streams, hillsides, forests and grasses. Location: Zhejiang.

Sexual position, meridian tropism is sweet, salty, slightly bitter and cold. Enter the lung, stomach and kidney meridians.

Efficacy and application

1. Clearing heat and cooling blood: This taste is salty and cold, and it can enter blood to clear heat and cool blood. It is used to treat warm diseases with heat entering the blood. It is often combined with Radix Rehmanniae and Cortex Moutan, such as Yingxue Decoction.

2. Nourishing yin and clearing away heat: This quality moistens many fluids, which can nourish yin and produce body fluids. It is used for treating body fluid injury caused by fever. It is often combined with Ophiopogon japonicus and Radix Rehmanniae, such as Zengye Decoction.

3. Detoxification by purging fire: This taste is bitter and cold, and it has the function of clearing away heat and purging fire, so purging fire detoxifies (heat poison). It can be used for the symptoms such as sore throat, red eyes, ear swelling, etc. It is often combined with Ophiopogon japonicus, Radix Rehmanniae, Scutellariae Radix and Fructus Forsythiae to treat sore throat and diphtheria.

4. Soft and hard to disperse the knot: this taste can be soft and hard, and cold can clear away heat, so as to clear away heat and soften the knot and dissipate the stagnation of phlegm. For the treatment of phlegm-fire tuberculosis, scrofula and other diseases, it is often combined with oysters, Fritillaria and other drugs for clearing away heat and toxic materials, softening and resolving hard mass, such as Xiaoyu Pills.

In addition, this product can be used to remove gangrene (such as thromboangiitis obliterans), and is often combined with honeysuckle, angelica and licorice, such as Simiao Yong 'an decoction. It also has the functions of clearing away heat and toxic materials, softening hard mass and resolving hard mass.

General cooling blood and nourishing yin, purging fire and detoxifying, fever and polydipsia, spontaneous sweating and night sweats, constipation, vomiting blood and nosebleeds, pharyngolaryngitis and tuberculosis. It can be used for treating yin injury due to fever, red tongue, polydipsia, erythema, constipation due to body fluid injury, cough due to bone steaming, conjunctival congestion, sore throat, diphtheria, carbuncle swelling and sore, with the dosage of 9 ~15g.