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With the theme of "name", the exhibition shows the charm of Shaanxi cultural relics through a Chunhua cauldron, and tells the long history of China bronze culture and the important position of cauldron in the etiquette system. In addition, many historical stories related to Ding, such as "The Yellow Emperor Casting Ding", "Dayu Jiuding" and "Winning the Central Plains", have been interpreted in different forms, such as words, pictures and animations, which greatly increased the pleasure of visitors to watch the exhibition.
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This bronze tripod is the largest and heaviest round tripod seen in China in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. Unfortunately, there is no inscription, so we have to name it "Wen Ding, the cow's head and black nightshade" according to the surface decoration. Unearthed in Shijiayuan Village, Shiqiao, Chunhua County. In order to promote cultural relics, it was later renamed "Chunhua Dading".
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This tripod is about 1.2 meters high, 0.8 meters in diameter and weighs about 226 kilograms. Flat edges, square lips, two ears, drooping abdominal wall, standing on three feet. Appreciate the appearance of a bronze tripod, mostly from top to bottom, first look at the mouth and ears, then at the abdomen, and finally at the feet, from head to toe, take in everything in a glance.
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On the surface of this tripod, there are a lot of real dragons. On the outside of the two ears of the tripod, two opposite dragon patterns are decorated respectively; The mouth edge is decorated with six dragon-shaped patterns, the tail is only one foot, the round eyes are prominent, and the lips are rolled. Two dragons, opposite to each other, have a leaf edge in the middle, forming a huge gluttonous surface.
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At the bottom of every gluttonous face, there is a cow head in the middle, which looks like a gluttonous mouth. Through the form of high relief, it shows the five senses, ears and horns of cattle, and the shape is vivid and realistic. In ancient times, cows, sheep and pigs were called "too fast"; There are only sheep and pigs, but no cows. It can only be called a "juvenile prison". This shows the important role of cattle in sacrifice.
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Three-ear combs are cast around the belly of the tripod, and the combs are decorated with animal faces, and the animal ears are towering, and two pairs of dragon patterns are decorated with double ears; On the top of the tripod, the animal's face, protruding corners, huge eyes and claws, and a big mouth for biting people are embossed. The three legs below are on the same vertical line as the three earrings above, which makes the tripod look very stable.
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1979 65438+February 10, Shijiayuan Village, Shiqiao, Chunhua County, Xianyang City, a villager named Xu Wenfang was building a cave in the yard when he suddenly found three bronzes, including this bronze tripod, and immediately reported it to the Chunhua County Cultural Center.
Subsequently, archaeologists discovered a rectangular vertical hole pit tomb here, including a tomb, a two-story platform, a waist pit and a coffin. It is about 4.9 meters wide, 6.3 meters long and 6. 1 meter deep. Judging from the remaining human bones, the head may face south and should be male. The tomb was stolen in the early years, leaving only 1 1 funerary objects, including bronze ritual vessels, bronze ornaments, horn ornaments, mussels, gold leaves and coins.
Among them, this big tripod is located in the southeast corner of the platform on the second floor, and its shape is close to that of Jinding and Dayu Ding in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, so the age should be in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, and the lower limit should not be later than the Kangwang period. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, except for the Simuwu Ding, which is said to have been unearthed from the tombs of the Shang Dynasty, all other large bronze Ding were unearthed from the cellar. Only this painting "Chunhua Dading" was unearthed in the tomb. After scientific archaeological excavation, it has important historical research value.